ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Question Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The Gowers sign demonstrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gowers sign indicatproximal motor weakness, seen in muscular dystrophi(e.g., Duchenne), where patients use hands to walk up their legs to stand due to hip and thigh weakness. Poor reflexare nonspecific, not Gowers-specific. Spinal dysraphism and tethered cord affect lower limbs or sphincters, not proximal strength. Hysterical paralysis lacks organic basis. Gowerss biomechanical pattern, per neuromuscular literature, makes D the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Neurofibromatosis type I, an autosomal dominant disorder (gene on chromosome 17), is defined by six or more café au lait maculover 5 mm in prepubertal or greater than 15 mm in postpubertal children plus at least one of the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NF1 diagnostic criteria (NIH) include café au lait maculplus freckling , Lisch nodul, neurofibromas , osseous lesions , optic gliomas , or family history . Ash leaf maculare hypopigmented spots in tuberous sclerosis, not NF1. This phenotypic distinction makes D the exception and correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The MOST common cause of static neurologic abnormalitiwhich are observed early in life is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of static neurologic abnormalitiin early life, per CDC, affecting ~1-4 per 1,000 births. It results from prenatal/perinatal brain injury (e.g., hypoxia), causing non-progressive motor deficits like spasticity or ataxia. Demyelinating and autoimmune diseas(e.g., MS) are progressive or relapsing, rare in infancy. Vascular diseasand stroke cause acute, not static, deficits. CPs early onset, stability, and prevalence rooted in fixed lesions make A the correct answer, distinct from evolving pathologies.
Question 4 of 5
During clinical examination of an infant you suspended his face down by the chest when he is moved toward a table, the arms extend, this reflex appear at
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The parachute reflex appears at 4-6 months , per developmental milestones, when an infant extends arms protectively when lowered face-down, reflecting vestibular and motor integration. Absent at birth , it emerglater than Moro (E, birth) and persists lifelong. 2-4 months is too early; 6-8 or 8-10 too late for onset. This reflexs timing, per AAP, makes C the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Language function is receptive (understanding speech or gestures) and expressive (speech and use of gestures). Anterior, expressive aphasia (characterized by sparse, non-fluent language) is called
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Broca aphasia is anterior, expressive, non-fluent speech from left frontal lobe damage, per neurology texts. Wernicke is fluent, posterior, comprehension-deficient. Global combinboth. Alexia and agraphia are reading/writing deficits. Brocas localization makes A the correct answer.