The gonads produce what class of hormones?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gonads (ovaries, testes) produce steroid hormones testosterone, estrogen, progesterone from cholesterol, acting on nuclear receptors for sex traits and reproduction. Amine hormones (e.g., thyroxine) derive from tyrosine/tryptophan, from thyroid. Peptide hormones (e.g., insulin) are protein-based, from pancreas. Catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine) are adrenal medullary, not gonadal. Steroids' lipid-soluble, genomic action distinguishes them, critical for gonadal endocrine function, unlike amino-acid or peptide classes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Addison's disease, adrenocortical insufficiency, causes glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid deficiency, leading to muscle weakness, tiredness, hypoglycemia (not hyperglycemia), and menstrual issues from cortisol lack. Hyperglycemia aligns with excess cortisol (Cushing's). Hypoglycemia distinguishes Addison's metabolic impact, critical for recognizing adrenal failure, contrasting with sugar-elevating conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endocrine glands (e.g., thyroid) are ductless, releasing hormones into blood for distant targets, while exocrine glands (e.g., sweat) use ducts to surfaces or cavities. Hormones versus waste oversimplifies exocrine products (e.g., saliva) aren't just waste. Both gland types are epithelial, not connective for exocrine. Interconnection isn't universal endocrine glands (e.g., adrenals) act independently, like exocrine. Ductless blood delivery distinguishes endocrine function, key to systemic reach, unlike ducted or mischaracterized traits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin (labor, lactation) and ADH (water balance), both hypothalamic-made. Growth hormone and prolactin are anterior pituitary products, not stored posteriorly. Prolactin isn't posterior oxytocin fits. ADH with GH mixes lobes incorrectly. Oxytocin-ADH pairing distinguishes neurohypophyseal function, critical for hypothalamic delivery, unlike anterior hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) comes from parathyroid glands, regulating calcium, not anterior pituitary. GH (growth), FSH (reproduction), and TSH (thyroid) are anterior pituitary hormones, driving target glands. PTH's external origin distinguishes it, key to its independent role, unlike pituitary tropic hormones.