ATI RN
Quiz Endocrine Reproductive System & Respiratory Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
The glucocorticoid receptor is located:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The glucocorticoid receptor is a type of nuclear receptor that is located inside the nucleus of the cell. Upon activation by the binding of glucocorticoid hormones (such as cortisol), the glucocorticoid receptor translocates into the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Inside the nucleus, the activated glucocorticoid receptor regulates gene expression by binding to specific regions of DNA known as glucocorticoid response elements. This interaction leads to the modulation of various cellular processes and physiological responses controlled by glucocorticoid signaling. Therefore, the correct location of the glucocorticoid receptor is inside the nucleus.
Question 2 of 5
The following adverse effect of corticosteroids is mainly due to their mineralocorticoid action:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corticosteroids can cause a rise in blood pressure primarily due to their mineralocorticoid action. Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone play a key role in regulating blood pressure by controlling sodium and water balance in the body. Corticosteroids, including synthetic ones like prednisone, can mimic the effects of aldosterone, leading to increased sodium reabsorption in the kidneys and subsequent water retention. This results in fluid buildup and elevated blood pressure. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor blood pressure regularly in patients who are prescribed corticosteroids, especially for long-term use, to manage and minimize this potential adverse effect.
Question 3 of 5
Conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase is required for the following actions except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase, which is involved in various physiological processes in males. However, spermatogenesis does not directly depend on dihydrotestosterone. Spermatogenesis is primarily regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). While testosterone plays a role in supporting spermatogenesis, dihydrotestosterone specifically is not required for this process. Therefore, the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone by 5α-reductase is not directly involved in spermatogenesis.
Question 4 of 5
Choose the correct statement about anabolic steroids:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, which exhibit both anabolic (muscle-building) and androgenic (masculinizing) properties. However, some anabolic steroids are designed to have more selective anabolic effects with reduced androgenic side effects. Therefore, statement B is correct.
Question 5 of 5
Select the drug that primarily reduces the static component of urinary obstruction in benign hypertrophy of prostate and takes more than 3 months to exert its beneficial effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that primarily reduces the static component of urinary obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by decreasing the size of the prostate gland. It inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is responsible for prostate growth. Finasteride takes more than 3 months to exert its beneficial effect as it gradually reduces the size of the prostate gland. It is typically prescribed for long-term management of BPH symptoms. Tamsulosin and Terazosin, both alpha-1 blockers, primarily target the dynamic component of urinary obstruction by relaxing smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, providing rapid symptom relief. Amphetamine is not used in the treatment of BPH.