ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The Glucagon is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon accelerates glycogenolysis, converting liver glycogen to glucose to raise blood levels, countering insulin. Slowing gluconeogenesis (glucose from lactic acid) opposes glucagon's role it promotes it. Decreasing glycogen conversion is insulin's job. Protein synthesis isn't glucagon-driven GH or insulin-like factors handle that. Glycogenolysis acceleration distinguishes glucagon, key to fasting glucose supply, unlike inhibitory or anabolic actions.
Question 2 of 5
Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism, excess T3/T4, accelerates metabolism, causing nervousness, heat intolerance, and hypertension. Diabetes affects glucose, hypoglycemia lowers energy, hypothyroidism slows metabolism opposite symptoms. Hyperthyroidism's overactive signs distinguish it, key to thyroid disorder diagnosis, contrasting with metabolic deficiencies.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following produce antagonistic results?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin (thyroid) lowers blood calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises it antagonistic for calcium balance. FSH and LH cooperate in reproduction, ADH and vasopressin are the same, oxytocin/prolactin synergize in lactation. Calcitonin-PTH opposition distinguishes them, key to homeostasis, contrasting with synergistic pairs.
Question 4 of 5
Which hormone produced by the thyroid gland regulates blood calcium levels?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Calcitonin, from the thyroid's C-cells, lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclasts, which break down bone. MSH (pituitary) affects pigmentation, oxytocin (hypothalamus/pituitary) aids childbirth, vasopressin (same) regulates water not calcium. Calcitonin's calcium-lowering action distinguishes it, vital for skeletal balance, especially in growth or pregnancy, contrasting with thyroid's metabolic hormones (T3/T4) or unrelated regulators.
Question 5 of 5
The sleep-wake cycle of the body is regulated by the hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Melatonin, from the pineal gland, regulates the sleep-wake cycle, increasing in darkness to promote sleep. Prolactin (pituitary) aids lactation, cortisol (adrenals) manages stress, progesterone (ovaries) supports pregnancy not sleep directly. Melatonin's circadian role distinguishes it, key to biological rhythms, with disruptions affecting sleep, unlike stress or reproductive hormones.