The glomerulus is surrounded by:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bowman's capsule encases the glomerulus not ureter (transport), loop of Henle (medulla), or bladder (storage). This specifies filtration anatomy, key for understanding GFR, contrasting with distant structures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Proteinuria is excess protein in urine not glycosuria (glucose), hematuria (blood), or anuria (no urine). This identifies renal damage marker, key for diagnosis, contrasting with other findings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The renal corpuscle (glomerulus + Bowman's capsule) includes mesangial cells (support), filtration slits (podocytes), and glomerulus (capillaries), but macula densa is in the distal tubule, part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus not the corpuscle. This distinguishes structural components, key for filtration anatomy, contrasting with JGA elements.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Proximal tubules have microvilli (brush border) for reabsorption not squamous (thin segment), continuous with collecting ducts (distal), or lacking basal lamina (present). This highlights reabsorption role, key for filtrate processing, contrasting with incorrect traits.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Glomerular endothelium is fenestrated without diaphragms not with; proximity, lamina, and barrier role are true. This corrects endothelial structure, key for filtration, contrasting with diaphragm misconception.