ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
The gland that secretes the hormone that determines the basal rate of metabolism and normal growth is located:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The thyroid, in front of the trachea, secretes T3/T4, setting basal metabolic rate (energy use) and aiding growth (via protein synthesis) neck-based. Brain hosts pituitary/hypothalamus (regulators), not direct producer. Bones lack glands growth target. Adrenals (kidneys) produce cortisol, not metabolism/growth primary. Thyroid's tracheal location distinguishes it, critical for metabolic and developmental regulation, unlike brain, bone, or adrenal sites.
Question 2 of 5
The portion of the pituitary that arises from the roof of the primitive oral cavity is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) develops from Rathke's pouch, an outpocketing of the oral cavity's roof, forming glandular tissue that secretes hormones like ACTH. The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary, including pars nervosa) and infundibulum arise from the brain's floor, neural ectoderm, storing hypothalamic hormones (e.g., ADH). Pars nervosa is a neurohypophysis subset, not distinct here. Adenohypophysis' oral origin drives its endocrine role, distinguishing it from neural-derived parts, key to pituitary embryology.
Question 3 of 5
When there is a marked deficiency of hormone secretion by the thyroid gland in a young child:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroid hormone deficiency in children (e.g., congenital hypothyroidism) hinders mental and physical growth, causing cretinism stunted stature and cognition due to low metabolism. Acromegaly is GH excess, unrelated. Eye bulging (exophthalmos) ties to hyperthyroidism (Graves'). High BMR reflects hyperthyroidism, not deficiency. Growth impairment from low thyroxine distinguishes it, critical for development, unlike growth hormone or hyperthyroid effects.
Question 4 of 5
Secretion of which hormone would be increased in an iodine-deficiency goiter?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In iodine-deficiency goiter, low iodine reduces thyroxine (T₄) and T₃ synthesis, prompting the pituitary to increase TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) to stimulate the thyroid, causing enlargement (goiter). Thyroxine and T₃ decrease due to substrate lack, not increase. 'All' is incorrect only TSH rises to compensate. TSH's feedback-driven surge distinguishes it, key to goiter pathology, unlike diminished thyroid hormones.
Question 5 of 5
Stimulation of the mother's nipples by the baby's nursing initiates sensory impulses which pass into the central nervous system and eventually reach the hypothalamus. These impulses result in the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nipple stimulation sends signals to the hypothalamus, triggering oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary for milk ejection via myoepithelial contraction. Prolactin, for milk synthesis, comes from the anterior pituitary, not posterior, and isn't 'lactogenic' specifically here. Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine) suppresses prolactin, not aiding lactation. Oxytocin's ejection role distinguishes it, critical for nursing, unlike synthesis or inhibitory actions.