ATI RN
Drug and Dosage for ET Tube Cardiovascular Pharmacological Agents Questions
Question 1 of 5
The ‘gateway hypothesis’ is used to explain why:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The 'gateway hypothesis' posits that use of certain substances, like cannabis, can lead to the use of more harmful substances, such as heroin. This progression is based on the idea that trying one drug can increase the likelihood of trying others. Choice C is correct because it directly aligns with this hypothesis by stating that individuals who are addicted to heroin often have a history of prior cannabis use. This supports the notion of cannabis serving as a gateway to heroin use. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: This choice discusses the addictive nature of drugs, which is not directly related to the gateway hypothesis. B: This choice mentions a correlation between cannabis use and genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, which is not directly connected to the gateway hypothesis. D: This choice is unrelated to the concept of the gateway hypothesis and discusses a different scenario altogether.
Question 2 of 5
For client and family teaching, the nurse will rely on information that Alzheimer’s disease is currently best explained as being related to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acetylcholine deficiency. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of acetylcholine-producing neurons. Acetylcholine is crucial for memory, learning, and cognitive functions. A) GABA and B) Dopamine excess are not associated with Alzheimer's. C) Serotonin deficiency is not a primary factor in Alzheimer's pathology. Acetylcholine deficiency best explains the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's patients.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient how to self-administer triptan injections for migraine headaches. Which statement by the patient indicates that he needs further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Choice A is incorrect because triptan injections are not meant for regular preventive use, but for acute treatment of migraine headaches when they occur. Taking the medication regularly for prevention goes against its intended use and can lead to overuse and potential side effects. Choices B, C, and D are correct as they align with the appropriate use of triptan injections for acute migraine treatment, accurate information about its effects, and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment, respectively.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse administering the phosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone (Primacor) recognizes that this drug will have a positive inotropic effect. Which result reflects this effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases intracellular cAMP levels in cardiac myocytes. Step 2: Increased cAMP levels lead to enhanced calcium influx into cardiac cells, increasing contractility. Step 3: Increased force of cardiac contractions (Choice C) is the direct result of enhanced contractility due to increased cAMP levels. Summary: Choice C is correct since milrinone's mechanism of action directly leads to increased force of cardiac contractions. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with milrinone's mechanism of action and its inotropic effect.
Question 5 of 5
A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he’s had the flu, with “terrible vomiting and diarrhea,” and he has not kept anything down for 2 days. He feels weak and extremely tired. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient's symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and extreme tiredness indicate severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can be dangerous. The nurse should advise the patient to come into the clinic for evaluation to assess his condition, rehydrate him, and check for any complications. This is crucial as the patient may need intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement therapy. Choice A is incorrect because taking the diuretic with sips of water may not be sufficient to address the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance caused by the flu. Choice B is incorrect because stopping the diuretic abruptly can lead to further electrolyte imbalances and complications. Choice C is incorrect because increasing the dosage of the diuretic without evaluating the patient's condition could worsen the electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.