The Four M's framework for Age-Friendly Health Systems includes all of the following concepts except:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: managed care. The Four M's framework for Age-Friendly Health Systems focuses on medication, mentation, and mobility to enhance the care for older adults. Managed care, which typically refers to a system of healthcare delivery, is not one of the core concepts within this framework. Medication emphasizes safe and appropriate drug use, mentation focuses on cognitive health, and mobility emphasizes maintaining physical function. Managed care does not directly address the specific health needs of older adults, making it the incorrect choice in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): In value-based care, the main goal is to achieve the best outcomes relative to cost. This is represented by the equation Quality/Cost. Quality divided by Cost indicates the emphasis on maximizing outcomes while minimizing costs, aligning with the principles of value-based care. By focusing on Quality/Cost, healthcare providers aim to deliver high-quality care efficiently and effectively. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cost X Quality): This equation focuses on the product of cost and quality, rather than the relationship between outcomes and cost. B (Cost X Quality/Consumer satisfaction): Consumer satisfaction is not explicitly related to achieving the best outcomes relative to cost in value-based care. D (Fee for service/discount rate): This choice is not relevant to measuring and optimizing outcomes in value-based care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advocacy - Yellow wedge. Advocacy involves working to influence policies, laws, and regulations to improve health outcomes for communities. In this scenario, partnering with the American Heart Association to develop public policy statements aligns with advocacy as it aims to promote the expansion of the Double Up Food Bucks program through policy change. This action directly impacts the social and economic factors affecting health, making it an advocacy intervention. Choices A, C, and D do not involve influencing policies or advocating for systemic changes, making them incorrect in this context.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the process of how a bill becomes a federal law. Initially, a bill is sent to the appropriate committee where it is discussed, researched, and expert testimonies are heard. This step allows for thorough examination and evaluation of the bill's content and implications. This committee review is essential in shaping the bill before it moves to the full legislative body for further debate and voting. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: The bill is not first reviewed by the President in the legislative process. The President's involvement typically occurs at a later stage, after the bill has been passed by both houses of the legislature. C: Complete consensus in both houses of the legislature is not required for a bill to become a law. It needs a majority vote in each house. D: The President has the power to veto a bill, regardless of the level of support it receives in the Senate. The veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Special interest groups that exert influence on legislators. Special interest groups, such as gun rights organizations, often lobby against tighter gun control laws, influencing legislators' decisions. This influence can create significant challenges in passing legislation. Incorrect choices: A: A lack of interest in this topic by many citizens of the state - While lack of interest can be a challenge, it is not as significant as special interest group influence. B: An inability to gather statistics to understand the magnitude of the problem - Lack of statistics may hinder decision-making but is not the primary challenge. D: The idea that gun violence is not a significant public health concern in the US - This is a misconception, and while it may be a challenge, it is not as prominent as special interest group influence.