The following topical antifungal drugs include all EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crotamiton. Crotamiton is not a topical antifungal drug; it is a scabicidal and antipruritic agent used to treat scabies and itching. Tolnaftate (A), Terbinafine (C), and Ciclopirox (D) are all topical antifungal drugs used to treat various fungal skin infections. Tolnaftate is commonly used for athlete's foot, ringworm, and jock itch. Terbinafine is effective against fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm. Ciclopirox is used to treat fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworm as well.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tamsulosin. It is the most appropriate alpha-blocker for the elderly man with enlarged prostate and overflow incontinence because of its selective action on alpha-1A receptors in the prostate, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle without significantly affecting blood pressure. Rationale: 1. Prazosin (Choice A) and Terazosin (Choice D) are non-selective alpha-blockers that can cause significant blood pressure lowering due to their action on alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels, which may not be suitable for this patient. 2. Phentolamine (Choice B) is also a non-selective alpha-blocker that can lead to significant blood pressure reduction, making it unsuitable for this patient. 3. Tamsulosin (Choice C) is a selective alpha-1A blocker, primarily acting on the prostate, with minimal impact on blood pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for this patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide. Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, also has the potential to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, combining aminoglycosides with furosemide can increase the risk of these serious side effects. B: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that does not share the same severe side effects as aminoglycosides. C: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not have the same side effects as aminoglycosides. D: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic and does not share the same severe side effects as aminoglycosides.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe dehydration. Intravenous Plain NSS (Normal Saline Solution) infusion is the treatment of choice for severe dehydration due to its ability to rapidly restore fluid and electrolyte balance. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to excessive fluid loss and dehydration. Plain NSS helps replenish lost fluids and electrolytes quickly. Rationale for other choices: A: Hypokalemia - Furosemide can cause hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion, but treatment involves potassium supplementation or potassium-sparing diuretics, not NSS infusion. C: Dilutional hyponatremia - Furosemide can lead to dilutional hyponatremia by causing excessive water retention, but treatment focuses on fluid restriction and correcting underlying causes, not NSS infusion. D: None of the above - This is incorrect as NSS infusion is indicated for severe dehydration in furosemide therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choosing option D: 1. Instruct the client to maintain limited physical activity to prevent contamination of the urine sample. 2. Physical activity can introduce bacteria from sweat or skin into the specimen, leading to inaccurate results. 3. By limiting physical activity, the client can ensure a clean-catch midstream urine sample for accurate testing. 4. Increasing fluid intake (option A), refraining from nephrotoxic drugs (option B), and taking sedative medications (option C) are not directly related to obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen.