The following thyroid inhibitor interferes with peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Propyl thiouracil inhibits the enzyme 5'-deiodinase, which is responsible for converting thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) peripherally. Methimazole and carbimazole primarily inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis. Radioactive iodine destroys thyroid tissue. Therefore, choice A is correct as it specifically targets the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver. Insulin's main role is to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells (A) and glycogen synthesis in the liver (B), and inhibiting lipolysis in adipose tissue (D). Neoglucogenesis is the process of synthesizing new glucose molecules, which is not a function of insulin. Therefore, choice C is incorrect as insulin does not facilitate neoglucogenesis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 8-10 hours. Lente insulin is a type of intermediate-acting insulin that typically lasts around 8-10 hours. This is because it is a mixture of insulin crystals and zinc, which delays its absorption and extends its duration of action. Choice A (2-4 hours) is too short for lente insulin. Choice C (20-24 hours) and D (30-36 hours) are too long for lente insulin, which is considered intermediate-acting. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it aligns with the expected duration of action for lente insulin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Insulin therapy is required for patients with ketoacidosis to lower blood glucose levels. Patients undergoing surgery may need insulin to manage blood sugar fluctuations. Pregnant diabetics often require insulin to maintain stable blood sugar levels for fetal health. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all the mentioned categories of type 2 diabetes patients may benefit from insulin therapy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because insulin therapy may be necessary for each of these specific patient groups due to their unique medical needs related to type 2 diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Second generation sulfonylureas like glimepiride and glipizide are less likely to cause hypoglycemic reactions compared to first generation ones like chlorpropamide and tolbutamide. Step 2: This is because second generation drugs have a shorter duration of action and are more selective for pancreatic beta cells, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. Step 3: Therefore, option D is correct as it accurately reflects the difference between the two generations in terms of hypoglycemic risk. Summary: - Option A is incorrect because both generations can be potent in lowering blood sugar. - Option B is incorrect as second generation drugs are not necessarily longer acting. - Option C is incorrect as sulfonylureas lower blood sugar regardless of the patient's diabetic status.