The following should be reported to the nurse when observing a resident's urine:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cloudy urine after standing may indicate a urinary tract infection or the presence of proteins or blood. Amber-colored urine (A) is normal, indicating proper hydration. Transparent urine (B) is also normal and suggests adequate hydration. Strong odor in urine (C) can be due to diet but is not necessarily a cause for concern. In summary, only cloudy urine after standing (D) raises potential health issues and should be reported to the nurse.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tuberculosis. An AIIR is necessary for tuberculosis patients to prevent the spread of the infectious agent in the air. Tuberculosis is a highly contagious airborne disease transmitted through respiratory droplets. Emphysema, bronchitis, and bronchiectasis are not typically transmitted through the air and do not require isolation in an AIIR.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Some hearing loss occurs. As individuals age, it is common for the sensory cells in the inner ear to deteriorate, leading to gradual hearing loss. This is considered a normal age-related change due to natural wear and tear on the auditory system. Reflexes speeding up (choice A) is not a typical age-related change as reflexes tend to slow down with aging. The sense of taste intensifying (choice B) is not a normal age-related change; in fact, taste buds may decrease in number with age, affecting taste perception. Vision improving (choice D) is also unlikely with age as many older adults experience changes such as presbyopia and cataracts, leading to worsening vision.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (45) because Type 2 diabetes typically develops in adults over the age of 45 due to factors like sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and genetic predisposition. At this age, the body's ability to produce and use insulin becomes less efficient, leading to insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they suggest younger ages, which are less common for the onset of Type 2 diabetes. Early onset diabetes is more likely to be Type 1 diabetes, which usually presents in childhood or adolescence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Supination. Supination refers to the movement of turning the palm or foot upward. This term specifically describes the anatomical action of rotating the hand or foot in a palm-upward position. Rotation (choice A) is a general term for any movement around an axis. Pronation (choice B) is the opposite movement to supination, where the palm or foot is turned downward. Flexion (choice C) refers to bending movement, usually involving a decrease in the angle between two body parts. In this context, supination is the most accurate term for describing the action of turning upward.