The following medications are truly matched to their major pharmacological groups EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Risperidone - Tricyclic Antidepressants. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic medication, not a tricyclic antidepressant. A) Methylphenidate is correctly matched with Stimulant as it is commonly used to treat ADHD by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. B) Atomoxetine is correctly matched with Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor as it is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat ADHD. C) Fluoxetine is correctly matched with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor as it is a common antidepressant that works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. Understanding the pharmacological classification of medications is crucial for safe and effective pediatric nursing practice. It is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between different classes of medications to ensure appropriate administration and monitoring for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), the correct answer is B) Superior intellectual deficits. This is because individuals with ASD often display a wide range of intellectual abilities, with some individuals exhibiting average or even superior intellectual capabilities. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. It is not defined by intellectual deficits but rather by differences in social communication, behavior, and sensory processing. Option A) 3 grades of severity is consistent with ASD as the disorder can present across a spectrum of severity, ranging from mild to severe. Option C) Deficits in select areas is also consistent with ASD, as individuals with ASD may have deficits in specific areas such as social communication, language, or sensory processing. Option D) Motor functioning is often affected in individuals with ASD, as challenges with coordination, motor planning, and motor skills can be present alongside the characteristic features of ASD. In an educational context, understanding the diverse presentation of ASD is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. By recognizing that ASD is not defined by intellectual deficits and instead involves a complex interplay of strengths and challenges across multiple domains, healthcare providers can offer more effective and individualized support and interventions for children with ASD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) psychosis and typical antipsychotic. Psychosis in children is often treated with atypical antipsychotics due to their reduced risk of side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms compared to typical antipsychotics. Option A, ADHD and atomoxetine, is correct as atomoxetine is commonly used to treat ADHD. Option B, anxiety and antidepressant, is also a true association as certain antidepressants like SSRIs are used in treating anxiety disorders in children. Option C, aggression and atypical antipsychotic, is also a correct association. Atypical antipsychotics are often used to manage aggression in children with psychiatric disorders. Educationally, understanding these associations is crucial for nurses working with pediatric patients. It is essential for nurses to have knowledge of common psychiatric disorders in children and the appropriate pharmacological treatments to provide safe and effective care. The rationale behind each correct answer helps nurses make informed decisions in their practice and ensures the best outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best action in this scenario is to refer the child to a pediatric psychologist (Option A). This is the correct choice because the child's behavior of school refusal, excessive crying, and difficulty separating from parents indicates possible underlying psychological issues that require specialized professional intervention. A pediatric psychologist is trained to assess and address these emotional and behavioral concerns in children. Starting selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment (Option B) without a comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional is not appropriate as it may not target the root cause of the child's behavior and can have potential risks and side effects in children. While assessing the home environment (Option C) is important, in this case, the child's symptoms are more indicative of a psychological issue rather than environmental factors being the primary cause. Arranging for parent management training (Option D) could be beneficial for addressing behavioral issues, but in this case, the child's symptoms appear to require more specialized psychological intervention rather than solely focusing on parenting strategies. Educationally, understanding the importance of recognizing signs of psychological distress in children, appropriate referral pathways to mental health professionals, and the limitations of solely behavioral interventions are crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. This case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address complex behavioral concerns in children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) absence of routines. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by specific patterns of behavior and challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Individuals with ASD often rely heavily on routines and sameness as a way to navigate their environment and reduce anxiety. The absence of routines would not align with the typical presentation of ASD. Option A) defective social communication is a characteristic feature of ASD as individuals with ASD may have difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication. Option B) highly restricted fixated interests is another common feature of ASD, where individuals may exhibit intense focus on specific topics or activities. Option C) scarce of gesture use is also a common feature of ASD, as individuals may have difficulties with using and interpreting gestures in social interactions. Educationally, understanding the key features of ASD is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who may encounter pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing these characteristics can help nurses provide appropriate care and support to individuals with ASD and their families. By differentiating between the features of ASD, nurses can tailor interventions to meet the unique needs of each patient.