The following medications are truly matched to their major pharmacological groups EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) fluoxetine tricyclic antidepressants. Fluoxetine belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) group, not tricyclic antidepressants. This is the correct answer because it does not match the major pharmacological groups correctly. Option A) methylphenidate is a stimulant commonly used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), so it is correctly matched. Option B) atomoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used in ADHD treatment, making it correctly matched. Option C) escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, so it is also correctly matched. In an educational context, understanding the classifications of medications is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Knowing the major pharmacological groups helps in administering the right medication, monitoring for side effects, and assessing the patient's response. This knowledge is essential for ensuring positive health outcomes in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In assessing language development for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is crucial to look for specific developmental milestones. The correct answer, C) absent single words by 16 months, is the exception because it is not typically a red flag for ASD. By 16 months, children may still be developing their spoken language skills, so the absence of single words alone may not indicate ASD. Option A) absent babbling by 6 months is incorrect because babbling is an early communication milestone. Option B) absent gestures by 12 months is also incorrect as gestures are an important precursor to verbal communication. Option D) absent 2-word purposeful phrases by 24 months is incorrect because by this age, children are expected to combine words to form simple phrases. Educationally, understanding these language developmental milestones is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. By recognizing these key indicators, nurses can help in the early identification and intervention for children with ASD, leading to better outcomes and support for both the child and their family. It is important to approach assessments holistically and consider multiple factors in diagnosing developmental disorders.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The major cause of neonatal mortality in full-term newborns being congenital anomalies is rooted in the fact that congenital anomalies encompass a wide range of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, which can significantly impact a newborn's health and survival. These anomalies can affect various organ systems, leading to serious complications that may not be immediately apparent at birth. In contrast, while respiratory distress syndrome (Option A) is more common in preterm infants due to immature lungs, necrotizing enterocolitis (Option B) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Option C) are conditions typically seen in premature infants who require prolonged respiratory support or have gastrointestinal issues. In an educational context, understanding the leading causes of neonatal mortality is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a vital role in caring for newborns and identifying potential health concerns early on. Recognizing the impact of congenital anomalies on neonatal outcomes underscores the importance of thorough prenatal screenings, genetic counseling, and early interventions to improve the overall health and well-being of newborns. By grasping the significance of this information, pediatric nurses can provide more effective care and support to newborns and their families, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes in the neonatal population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option A) short cord. True umbilical cord knots are indeed seen in approximately 1% of births. A short cord is not typically associated with umbilical cord knots. Option B) small fetal size is incorrect because smaller fetuses may have more room in the womb, increasing the likelihood of cord entanglement and knots. Option C) polyhydramnios is incorrect because excess amniotic fluid can lead to increased fetal movement, which in turn may result in cord twisting and knotting. Option D) fetal demise is incorrect as true umbilical cord knots do not always result in fetal demise; some cases may be asymptomatic or lead to complications like decreased fetal movement. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the various factors that can impact pregnancy outcomes. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to be aware of potential complications such as umbilical cord knots and their associations with different prenatal conditions. This knowledge can aid in early detection, monitoring, and appropriate interventions to promote positive maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cephalohematoma is a common condition in newborns, characterized by a subperiosteal hemorrhage due to the rupture of blood vessels between the periosteum and the skull. The correct answer, option B, is false because cephalohematoma does not cross suture lines and typically remains localized to the area under the periosteum where the trauma occurred during birth. Option A is true because cephalohematoma is indeed a subperiosteal hemorrhage. Option C is also correct as cephalohematoma occurs in approximately 1-2% of live births. Option D is partially true as an underlying skull fracture may be associated with around 10-25% of cases, but not in all cases. Educationally, understanding cephalohematoma is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps in the accurate assessment and management of newborns. Knowing the characteristics of cephalohematoma, including its presentation, prevalence, and potential complications, ensures that nurses can provide appropriate care and support to infants and their families.