The following is true about receptors:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pain receptors (nociceptors) are slowly adapting (not rapidly, ruling out A), pressure receptors (e.g., Pacinian corpuscles) are rapidly adapting (not slowly, ruling out B), and touch receptors (e.g., Meissner’s) are rapidly adapting (not non-adaptive, ruling out C). Receptors can indeed be stimulated by chemical changes (D), as seen in chemoreceptors and nociceptors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bitemporal hemianopia results from optic chiasm compression, commonly by pituitary tumors (C). Optic nerve lesions (A) cause unilateral loss, optic tract (B) causes homonymous hemianopia, and occipital lesions (D) affect cortical vision. C is correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adaptation involves receptor fatigue (A, correct) or central inhibition. Rates vary (not B), Na+ channel inactivation (C) is partial, and inhibitory transmitters (D) are secondary. A is most accurate.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vestibular system affects balance, not muscle tone directly (A). Semicircular canals detect angular acceleration (not linear, B), utricle detects linear (not rotational, C). Damage causes vertigo (D, correct). D is true.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The neural crest (A) gives rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), including sensory and autonomic ganglia. The neuraxis (B) is the central nervous system (CNS) axis, rhombencephalon (C) forms brainstem and cerebellum (CNS), and neural tube (D) forms the CNS. A is correct.