The following is considered one of the B symptoms in Hodgkin disease:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Fever, which is considered one of the B symptoms in Hodgkin disease. B symptoms are systemic symptoms associated with the disease and are used to assess the extent of the disease and determine the treatment plan. Fever, along with night sweats and weight loss, are classic B symptoms in Hodgkin disease. Option A) Itching is not a B symptom in Hodgkin disease. Pruritus may occur in some cases but is not a defining B symptom. Option B) Jaundice is not a B symptom in Hodgkin disease. Jaundice is associated with liver dysfunction or obstruction of the bile duct, not typically seen in Hodgkin disease. Option D) Anemia is not a B symptom in Hodgkin disease. Anemia can occur as a result of various factors but is not specific to Hodgkin disease. Understanding the B symptoms in Hodgkin disease is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing these symptoms can aid in early detection, timely intervention, and improved outcomes for the patient. Nurses play a key role in monitoring for these symptoms, educating patients and families, and collaborating with the healthcare team to provide comprehensive care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Look-Listen-Feel procedure is a fundamental assessment technique used in pediatric nursing to quickly evaluate a child's breathing status. When faced with a pediatric emergency, assessing breathing is crucial as respiratory distress or failure can rapidly deteriorate a child's condition. By looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling airflow, a nurse can determine if the child is breathing adequately. Option A, assessing for consciousness, is not the primary objective of the Look-Listen-Feel procedure. While consciousness is important, airway and breathing take precedence in pediatric emergencies due to their immediate impact on oxygenation and ventilation. Option C, assessing for airway patency, is also important in pediatric emergencies, but airway assessment typically follows breathing assessment in the pediatric ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) approach to prioritize interventions. Option D, assessing for circulation, is essential but comes after addressing airway and breathing in pediatric emergencies. Without adequate oxygenation and ventilation, circulation interventions may be less effective. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the Look-Listen-Feel procedure helps pediatric clinical nurse specialists prioritize assessments and interventions in emergency situations, ensuring prompt and effective care for pediatric patients. Mastering this foundational skill is critical for providing safe and competent care to children in need.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Post auricular lymphadenopathy. Rubella, also known as German measles, is characterized by the presence of post auricular lymphadenopathy, which refers to swollen lymph nodes located behind the ear. This clinical sign is specific to rubella and is considered pathognomonic, meaning it is characteristic and diagnostic of the disease. Option A) Severe prodromal stage is not pathognomonic of rubella as many other viral illnesses can also present with a severe prodromal stage. Option B) Circumoral pallor is not specific to rubella and can be seen in various conditions such as anemia or vasovagal reactions. Option C) Maculopapular rash is a common symptom in rubella, but it is not pathognomonic as it can also be present in other viral infections like measles or scarlet fever. In an educational context, understanding the pathognomonic signs of diseases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management in clinical practice. By knowing the specific clinical features of rubella, healthcare providers can differentiate it from other similar conditions and provide targeted care to patients. This knowledge is essential for pediatric clinical nurse specialists who play a key role in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In hypernatremic dehydration, the correct statement is A) Net loss of water more than sodium. This is true because hypernatremia is characterized by elevated serum sodium levels due to more water loss than sodium loss from the body. The body loses more water relative to sodium, leading to a concentration of sodium in the blood. Option B) Marked loss of skin turgor while tongue is not dry is incorrect because in hypernatremic dehydration, both skin turgor and mucous membranes, like the tongue, are typically dry due to the lack of adequate water in the body. Option C) Serum Na less than 135 mEq/L is incorrect because hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L, not less than 135 mEq/L. Option D) Low serum osmolality less than 275 mOsm/L is incorrect because hypernatremia is associated with high serum osmolality, typically greater than 295 mOsm/L, due to the increased concentration of sodium in the blood. Educationally, understanding the electrolyte imbalances in pediatric patients is crucial for clinical nurse specialists to provide appropriate care. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hypernatremic dehydration and understanding the underlying pathophysiology are essential for effective assessment and management of pediatric patients with this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Valvular pulmonary stenosis. A systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border with an associated ejection click is classic for valvular pulmonary stenosis. This murmur is caused by the turbulent blood flow across the pulmonary valve during systole, and the ejection click is produced by the opening of the valve. Option A) Aortic stenosis typically presents with a systolic murmur at the right upper sternal border and may have a paradoxical split S2. Option C) Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is associated with a harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border but does not have an associated ejection click. Option D) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) typically presents with a holosystolic murmur heard best at the lower left sternal border and does not usually have an associated ejection click. Understanding the characteristics of different heart murmurs and associated findings is crucial for clinical nurses specializing in pediatrics. Recognizing specific murmur patterns can help in the early identification and management of congenital heart defects in pediatric patients. This knowledge is essential for providing quality care and improving patient outcomes.