The following inotropic drugs can be used in acute shock Except:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the use of inotropic drugs in acute shock is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. In the given question, the correct answer is D) Milrinone. Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that enhances cardiac contractility and is commonly used in the management of acute heart failure, not typically in acute shock situations. A) Digitalis is a cardiac glycoside that increases myocardial contractility but is not typically used in acute shock due to its slower onset of action and potential for toxicity in critically ill patients. B) Dopamine is a catecholamine that acts on adrenergic receptors to increase cardiac output and blood pressure, making it a common choice in treating acute shock. C) Dobutamine is a beta-1 adrenergic agonist that also increases cardiac contractility and is often used in acute shock to improve cardiac output. Educationally, understanding the differences between these inotropic drugs is essential for pediatric nurses to make informed decisions in managing pediatric patients in critical condition. By grasping the pharmacological properties and appropriate clinical indications of these medications, nurses can optimize patient outcomes and provide quality care in acute care settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Physiological responses to serious illness often involve the body's attempt to maintain homeostasis and cope with the stress imposed by the illness. In this case, the correct answer is A) Blood pressure, which would typically increase in response to serious illness due to various factors such as increased sympathetic nervous system activity and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline. Heart rate (option B) would also typically increase in response to serious illness as the body tries to pump more blood to meet the increased metabolic demands. Respiratory rate (option C) may increase as well to improve oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. The action of accessory respiratory muscles (option D) may also increase in response to serious illness to aid in breathing. Understanding these physiological responses is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them assess and monitor the condition of their young patients. By recognizing these signs, nurses can intervene promptly and provide appropriate care to stabilize the child's condition. This knowledge also enables nurses to anticipate potential complications and make informed decisions regarding treatment strategies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Dilute artificial formula. Total body sodium depletion occurs when there is an inadequate amount of sodium in the body. In the context of pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the causes and manifestations of electrolyte imbalances. Option A) SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) is characterized by excessive retention of water leading to dilutional hyponatremia, not total body sodium depletion. Option B) Psychogenic polydipsia refers to excessive thirst and fluid intake, which can lead to water intoxication but does not directly cause total body sodium depletion. Option D) Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, but it does not directly result in total body sodium depletion. Educationally, understanding electrolyte imbalances in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of sodium depletion and knowing the conditions that can lead to it are essential in managing pediatric patients with fluid and electrolyte disturbances. This knowledge helps nurses intervene promptly and appropriately to prevent further complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric oncology, understanding the types of relapse in acute leukemia is crucial for providing effective care to young patients. The correct answer is B) Medullary relapse. This type of relapse occurs in the bone marrow, which is a common site for leukemia to reappear due to the presence of leukemic cells. Option A) Clinical relapse refers to the return of symptoms and signs of leukemia without necessarily involving specific sites like the bone marrow. While clinical relapse is important, medullary relapse specifically targets the primary site of disease manifestation. Option C) CNS relapse pertains to leukemia recurrence in the central nervous system, which is another common site for relapse in leukemia, but not the most common type. Option D) Testicular relapse is specific to leukemia recurrence in the testes, which is less common compared to relapse in the bone marrow. Educationally, knowing the types of relapse in leukemia helps pediatric nurses to monitor and assess patients effectively, anticipate complications, and intervene promptly. By understanding the most common sites of relapse like the bone marrow, nurses can provide targeted care and support to young patients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Anaphylactoid purpura. Anaphylactoid purpura, also known as Henoch-Schonlein purpura, is the most common cause of non-thrombocytopenic purpura in children. This condition is characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels and typically presents with a rash of palpable purpura on the lower extremities, joint pain, abdominal pain, and sometimes kidney involvement. Option A) Disseminated intravascular hemolysis (DIC) is incorrect because DIC is a disorder characterized by widespread activation of coagulation leading to thrombosis and bleeding. It is associated with thrombocytopenia, not non-thrombocytopenic purpura. Option C) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is incorrect as it is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia, but not typically presenting with non-thrombocytopenic purpura. Option D) Hypersplenism is incorrect because it is a condition where the spleen becomes overactive and removes blood cells, leading to cytopenias such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia. It is not a common cause of non-thrombocytopenic purpura in children. Understanding the common causes of purpura in children is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a vital role in identifying, managing, and educating families about these conditions. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of anaphylactoid purpura can lead to prompt intervention and appropriate care for pediatric patients. This knowledge enhances the nurse's ability to provide holistic care and support to children and their families facing these health challenges.