ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
The following inhibit platelet activation and/or aggregation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Prostacyclin (epoprostenol) because prostacyclin is a potent inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation. Prostacyclin functions by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in platelets, leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation. This mechanism makes it an important drug in the treatment of conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension and thromboembolic disorders. A) Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver, but it does not directly inhibit platelet activation or aggregation. B) Heparin is an anticoagulant that works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, leading to inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa. While it prevents the formation of new clots, it does not directly inhibit platelet activation or aggregation. C) Thromboxane A2 is a potent platelet activator and inducer of aggregation. It promotes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation, working in contrast to the desired effect of inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. In an educational context, understanding the mechanisms of action of different cardiovascular drugs is crucial for healthcare professionals to make informed decisions in patient care. Knowing which drugs inhibit platelet activation and aggregation can help in managing conditions like thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases effectively. Prostacyclin's role in inhibiting platelet function is essential knowledge for pharmacology students and healthcare providers working in cardiology and related fields.
Question 2 of 5
A client diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder is receiving paliperidone (Invega). Which symptoms should a nurse identify that would warrant the need for this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because flashbacks of killing the enemy are indicative of the intrusive symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can be effectively treated with antipsychotic medications like paliperidone. These symptoms are often associated with severe distress and impairment in daily functioning. Choice A (flat affect and anhedonia) typically aligns more with symptoms of depression rather than PTSD. Choice B (persistent anorexia and weight loss) is more related to physical symptoms rather than the core symptoms of PTSD. Choice D (distant and guarded in relationships) may suggest avoidance symptoms of PTSD, but it does not specifically warrant the use of paliperidone. Therefore, choice C is the most appropriate response based on the symptoms indicative of PTSD that would require this medication.
Question 3 of 5
Which medication is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of depression in adolescents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fluoxetine (Prozac). The FDA has approved Fluoxetine for the treatment of depression in adolescents aged 8-18. It is one of the few antidepressants approved for pediatric use due to its established safety and efficacy profile. Paroxetine (A) is not recommended for adolescents due to increased risk of suicidal thoughts. Sertraline (B) is FDA-approved for pediatric OCD but not specifically for depression. Citalopram (C) has a black box warning for pediatric use due to potential risks.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse teaching a patient about a tyramine-restricted diet would approve a meal consisting of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it contains foods low in tyramine. Mashed potatoes, ground beef, corn, green beans, and apple pie are all safe options. Tyramine is found in aged, fermented, and spoiled foods, which are present in the other choices. Avocados, ham, chocolate, sausage, cheese, and banana bread are high in tyramine and should be avoided. Caffeinated coffee contains tyramine as well. A tyramine-restricted diet aims to prevent a hypertensive crisis in individuals taking MAOIs by avoiding foods that can interact with these medications.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a patient about clopidogrel. Which information will the nurse include in the patient’s teaching plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bleeding may increase when taken with aspirin. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that works to prevent blood clots. When taken with aspirin, the risk of bleeding increases due to the combined antiplatelet effects. This is important for the patient to be aware of to prevent any potential complications. Choices A and B are incorrect as constipation and hypotension are not commonly associated with clopidogrel. Choice D is incorrect as the normal dose of clopidogrel is typically a 75-mg tablet per day, not 25-mg.