The following factors are associated with decreased risk of significant jaundice EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the risk factors associated with significant jaundice is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns. In this question, the correct answer is B) male gender. Male gender is not a protective factor against significant jaundice. In fact, male infants are at a higher risk for developing jaundice compared to female infants due to differences in liver function and metabolism of bilirubin. Option A) gestational age ≥41 weeks is associated with decreased risk of significant jaundice as full-term infants have a more mature liver function, which helps in processing bilirubin effectively. Option C) exclusive bottle-feeding is a risk factor for significant jaundice as breastfed infants are less likely to develop jaundice due to the composition of breast milk and better feeding practices. Option D) discharge from the hospital after 72 hours is associated with decreased risk of significant jaundice as it allows for proper monitoring of bilirubin levels and ensures timely intervention if needed before discharge. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing risk factors for significant jaundice in newborns and emphasizes the need for comprehensive assessment and management strategies to prevent adverse outcomes related to jaundice. Nurses must be able to identify these risk factors and provide appropriate care and education to parents to promote the health and well-being of newborns.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Intrapartum antibiotics are administered to pregnant women during labor to prevent the transmission of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) to the newborn, which can lead to serious infections. The correct answer, option D, "Reduce the rates of late-onset GBS disease," is the most accurate statement regarding the use of intrapartum antibiotics. Administering antibiotics during labor has been shown to decrease the incidence of late-onset GBS disease, which occurs in newborns after the first week of life. Option A, "Reduce vertical transmission of GBS," is incorrect because intrapartum antibiotics aim to prevent the transmission during labor, not before birth. Option B, "Lessen neonatal morbidity after preterm rupture of membranes," is also incorrect as antibiotics in this context are primarily focused on GBS prevention rather than addressing preterm rupture of membranes. Option C, "Prevent perinatal transmission of GBS," is not the best choice as it is too broad and does not specifically address the impact on late-onset GBS disease. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind administering intrapartum antibiotics is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide evidence-based care to pregnant women and newborns. By knowing the specific benefits of this intervention, nurses can effectively advocate for its use to promote the health and well-being of infants. It is essential for nurses to stay updated on current guidelines and recommendations regarding intrapartum antibiotic use to provide safe and quality care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Exposure to glucocorticoids during the first week of life. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in preterm infants where parts of the intestine undergo tissue death. Glucocorticoids, which are often used in preterm infants to help with lung maturation, can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of developing NEC due to impaired intestinal barrier function and altered immune response. Option A) Delivery by cesarean section is not the most important risk factor for NEC. While cesarean section delivery can impact the infant's gut microbiome, which may play a role in NEC development, it is not as significant as exposure to glucocorticoids. Option B) Breastfeeding is actually protective against NEC due to its benefits in promoting a healthy gut microbiome and providing immune factors that can reduce the risk of NEC. Option C) Apgar score, which assesses the newborn's overall condition at birth, is not directly linked to the development of NEC. While a low Apgar score may indicate a higher risk for various complications, it is not the most important risk factor for NEC. In an educational context, understanding the risk factors for NEC in preterm infants is crucial for healthcare providers working in neonatal care. By recognizing the significance of glucocorticoid exposure in increasing the risk of NEC, healthcare professionals can implement strategies to minimize this risk, such as judicious use of glucocorticoids and close monitoring of preterm infants for early signs of NEC. This knowledge is essential for providing optimal care and improving outcomes for vulnerable preterm infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand age-appropriate symptoms and behaviors. In this case, the correct answer is D) sexual indifference, as it is least likely to occur in a 5-year-old girl with unexplained physical complaints. At this age, children are typically not exhibiting signs of sexual indifference as it is not a developmentally appropriate behavior. Option A) headache, abdominal pain, and Option B) back pain and chest pain are common physical complaints in children and could indicate various health issues but are more likely to occur than sexual indifference in a 5-year-old. Option C) nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are also common symptoms in children and can be indicative of various medical conditions, but again, they are more likely to occur than sexual indifference in a 5-year-old. Educationally, understanding age-appropriate symptoms and behaviors in pediatric patients is essential for nurses to provide appropriate care and determine the underlying cause of their complaints. By recognizing what is developmentally normal and abnormal for different age groups, healthcare providers can more effectively assess and treat pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) celebration activity. Children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) typically have less prominent anxiety symptoms in celebratory activities because these events are usually associated with positive emotions and excitement, which can temporarily alleviate anxiety. Option A) school performance is incorrect because school-related activities can often trigger anxiety in children with GAD due to the pressure to perform academically. Option B) competitive sports is incorrect as these activities can exacerbate anxiety in children with GAD due to the competitive nature and performance expectations. Option C) non-competitive sports is also incorrect as even though the pressure may be lower compared to competitive sports, any form of performance can still trigger anxiety in children with GAD. Educationally, understanding how anxiety manifests in different scenarios is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with GAD. Recognizing that celebratory activities may provide temporary relief can help nurses support these children in managing their anxiety effectively.