The following factors are associated with a higher risk of seizure relapse after antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) withdrawal EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Higher relapse risk after AED withdrawal includlonger epilepsy duration , multiple seizure typ, polytherapy , and abnormal EEG , reflecting disease severity. Younger onset is not a consistent risk; older onset may signal worse prognosis. This counterintuitive finding makes A the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Midazolam has the strongest evidence for refractory status epilepticus, per trials (e.g., RAMPART), due to rapid onset and efficacy via IM/IV routes. Propofol , levetiracetam , phenytoin , and phenobarbital are options, but midazolams data superiority makes A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Café-au-lait maculoccur in NF-1, Noonan , Fanconi , Gaucher , and Hurler syndromes, tied to genetic or metabolic defects. Ataxia telangiectasia featurtelangiectasia, not macules. This phenotypic distinction make B the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Prematurity commonly causspastic diplegia , from periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants (~32-36 weeks), affecting legs most. Quadriplegia and hemiplegia link to broader insults; athetoid and dyskinetic to basal ganglia injury. Diplegias preterm tie makes A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemiparesis is the most common focal sign of childhood arterial ischemic stroke, per studi(e.g., ICH), from MCA territory infarction. Visual , speech , sensory , and balance deficits are less frequent. Motor predominance makes A the correct answer.