ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The following drugs have an elimination half-life of less than 4 hours in a healthy adult:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dopamine has a short half-life due to rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidases and catechol-O-methyltransferase, while others have longer half-lives.
Question 2 of 5
All are true about penicillins EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillins cross the blood-brain barrier mainly when meninges are inflamed (e.g., meningitis), a true statement due to increased permeability. They do require dose adjustment in renal failure, as they're renally excreted, making the lack of adjustment false and the exception. They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linkage, a true mechanism. Piperacillin is effective against Pseudomonas, especially with tazobactam, which is true. Only 5-10% of those with prior penicillin allergy react again, also true. The renal adjustment need is critical, as accumulation risks toxicity like seizures, guiding safe prescribing in kidney dysfunction.
Question 3 of 5
The client takes calcium supplements. What is the best instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcium absorbs best with food-e.g., fat aids uptake, per pharmacokinetics-unlike empty stomach. Insomnia isn't typical-constipation is. Vitamin D matters-enhances absorption. Meal timing optimizes use, per guidance.
Question 4 of 5
While preparing an infusion of mannitol (Osmitrol), the nurse notices small crystals in the IV tubing. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action by the nurse when small crystals are observed in the IV tubing while preparing an infusion of mannitol (Osmitrol) is to discard the solution and obtain another bag of medication. Small crystals in the IV tubing can indicate that the medication may be contaminated or that it has precipitated out of solution, which can potentially lead to complications if infused into the patient. It is crucial to ensure that the medication is in proper form before administration to prevent any harm to the patient. Therefore, discarding the solution and obtaining a new bag of medication is the safest and most appropriate course of action in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
The patient is scheduled to receive a medication that is an enzyme inducer of the P450 system. What best describes the effect of this medication on the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A P450 enzyme inducer (e.g., rifampin) speeds metabolism of itself and other drugs, reducing its own effect over time as levels drop faster, requiring dose adjustments. No effect on others is extreme-some drugs' metabolism increases, lowering their effect. Increased effects suggest inhibition, not induction. Self-induction lowers efficacy, a pharmacokinetic principle affecting long-term use.