The following drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis: *

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tinidazole. This drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis due to its high efficacy against the parasite. Tinidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that targets anaerobic organisms like Trichomonas vaginalis. Diiodohydroxyquin (A) is used for amoebiasis, not trichomonas. Clotrimazole (C) and Ketoconazole (D) are antifungal medications and not effective against trichomonas parasites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide is a diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme, leading to increased excretion of bicarbonate ions, thus causing metabolic alkalosis correction and reducing edema. Digoxin (A) is used for heart failure, Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and Dobutamine (C) is a beta-adrenergic agonist used for heart failure, none of which directly address metabolic alkalosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Furosemide is a loop diuretic, known for its high potency in inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle. Step 2: This leads to significant diuresis, causing hypovolemia and subsequent hypotension. Step 3: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic, not as potent as loop diuretics. Step 4: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, less likely to cause hypotension due to its mechanism of action. Step 5: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, less potent than loop diuretics like furosemide in causing hypovolemia and hypotension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, so combining it with another potassium-sparing diuretic like amiloride can lead to hyperkalemia. Chlorthalidone, a thiazide-like diuretic, can be synergistic with spironolactone. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can counteract the potassium-sparing effects of spironolactone. Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can also lead to hypokalemia when combined with spironolactone. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as combining spironolactone with hydrochlorothiazide may increase the risk of potassium imbalance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADH plays a key role in the homeostatic filtration apparatus called the process called osmoregulation. ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, regulates water balance by controlling the permeability of the collecting duct in the kidney nephrons. This controls the concentration of urine produced. The other choices, B and C, refer to specific parts of the kidney tubules and are not related to the role of ADH in osmoregulation. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information. Therefore, A is the correct choice as it directly relates to the function of ADH in maintaining water balance within the body.