The following diseases are associated with sensitivity to radiation EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the impact of radiation sensitivity in certain diseases. The correct answer is B) Gardner syndrome because it is not associated with sensitivity to radiation. A) Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder characterized by sensitivity to radiation due to defects in repairing DNA damage caused by radiation exposure. Individuals with this syndrome are at higher risk for developing cancer. C) Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of leukemia, and individuals with Down syndrome may have heightened sensitivity to radiation, making them more susceptible to radiation-induced complications. D) Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder that results in bone marrow failure and increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents like radiation. Patients with Fanconi anemia are at risk of developing leukemia and other cancers due to their sensitivity to radiation. Educationally, understanding which diseases are associated with sensitivity to radiation is vital for pediatric nurses when caring for children with these conditions. It helps in implementing appropriate precautions to minimize radiation exposure and in providing specialized care to manage the potential risks associated with radiation sensitivity.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: The correct answer is E) other comorbidities. Allergic rhinitis in children is recognized as a major chronic respiratory disease due to its high prevalence, significant impact on the quality of life, and interference with school performance. Allergic rhinitis affects a large proportion of children globally, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy eyes which can significantly impair their daily activities and overall well-being. Moreover, the condition can also result in poor school attendance and performance, affecting a child's academic success. The option "other comorbidities" is not a key feature used to recognize allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease in children. While children with allergic rhinitis may indeed have other comorbid conditions, it is not the primary basis for recognizing allergic rhinitis as a significant health issue in this population. In an educational context, understanding the key features of allergic rhinitis in children is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly pediatric nurses, as they play a vital role in the assessment, management, and education of children and their families affected by this condition. By recognizing the impact of allergic rhinitis on children's lives, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to improve outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of conditions like hormonal rhinitis is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is B) exercise. Hormonal rhinitis is primarily caused by hormonal fluctuations, particularly during puberty or pregnancy, leading to nasal congestion and other symptoms. Exercise, on the other hand, does not directly impact hormonal rhinitis. Option A) hypothyroidism is incorrect because thyroid hormone imbalances can indeed contribute to nasal symptoms, including congestion. Option C) cancer is incorrect as certain cancers, especially those affecting the nasal passages or hormone-producing glands, can lead to rhinitis symptoms. Option D) vasculitides is also incorrect as inflammation of blood vessels can affect nasal tissues and cause rhinitis. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of understanding the multifactorial causes of rhinitis in pediatric patients. It highlights the need for nurses to differentiate between various underlying conditions that can manifest with similar symptoms, enabling accurate assessment and targeted interventions for pediatric patients with rhinitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of childhood asthma persistence, the strongest identifiable factor is parental asthma (Option D). This is because asthma has a significant genetic component, with children of parents who have asthma being at a higher risk of developing and persisting asthma themselves. Parental asthma increases the likelihood of a child inheriting genetic predispositions that make them more susceptible to asthma triggers and exacerbations. Additionally, environmental factors within the home, such as exposure to secondhand smoke or allergens, may be more common in households where a parent has asthma, further increasing the child's risk. Regarding the other options: - Allergy (Option A) can be a contributing factor to asthma development but may not be as strong a predictor for persistence as parental asthma. - Male gender (Option B) is a demographic factor that can influence asthma prevalence but is not as significant a predictor of persistence as parental history. - Low birth weight (Option C) can be a risk factor for respiratory issues in infancy but may not have as direct a correlation to asthma persistence compared to parental history. Educationally, understanding the impact of parental asthma on childhood asthma persistence is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By recognizing this strong factor, healthcare professionals can provide targeted interventions, education, and support to families with a history of asthma to better manage and potentially prevent the persistence of asthma in children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of asthma, bronchodilator response to an inhaled B-agonist like albuterol is a key diagnostic tool. The correct answer, option D (>15%), is indicative of a significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after bronchodilator administration, which is consistent with asthma. Asthmatic patients typically show a greater response to bronchodilators due to the bronchoconstriction present in their airways. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest lower rates of improvement in FEV1. A response of less than 15% would not be considered significant in the context of asthma diagnosis. Understanding the specific thresholds for bronchodilator response is crucial for healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing asthma in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing the characteristic bronchodilator response seen in asthmatic patients. It reinforces the need for healthcare professionals to interpret pulmonary function test results accurately to guide appropriate treatment decisions for pediatric patients with asthma. By understanding the significance of bronchodilator response rates, nurses and other healthcare providers can better assess, manage, and educate pediatric patients and their families about asthma management strategies.