The following diseases are associated with sensitivity to radiation EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Gardner syndrome. Gardner syndrome is a genetic disorder that predisposes individuals to certain types of tumors, mainly colorectal polyps and cancers. It is not associated with sensitivity to radiation. A) Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder characterized by neurological problems and increased sensitivity to radiation due to a defect in repairing DNA damage caused by radiation. C) Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. While individuals with Down syndrome may have certain health concerns, sensitivity to radiation is not a characteristic of this syndrome. D) Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that affects the bone marrow, leading to decreased production of all types of blood cells. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are sensitive to the DNA-damaging effects of radiation. Educationally, understanding the effects of radiation sensitivity in various genetic disorders is crucial in pediatric nursing. Nurses need to be aware of conditions that may predispose children to increased risk from radiation exposure, especially in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Recognizing these associations can help nurses provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients with these conditions.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is E, which is not listed among the options provided. The recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease of children rests largely on factors such as high prevalence, its significant impact on the quality of life, and its effects on school performance. However, the option "other comorbidities" is not a feature that contributes to the recognition of allergic rhinitis as a major chronic respiratory disease in children. Understanding the features that contribute to the recognition of allergic rhinitis is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the impact of allergic rhinitis on children's lives, including their health, well-being, and academic performance, is essential for providing comprehensive care and appropriate management strategies. By differentiating between the essential features and unrelated factors, healthcare providers can improve their ability to diagnose, treat, and support children with allergic rhinitis effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of conditions like hormonal rhinitis is crucial for effective care. In this case, the correct answer is B) exercise. Hormonal rhinitis is typically triggered by hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, or menstruation, not physical activity like exercise. Option A) hypothyroidism is a hormonal disorder that can impact nasal symptoms but is not directly linked to hormonal rhinitis. Option C) cancer is not a common cause of hormonal rhinitis in pediatric patients. Option D) vasculitides refers to inflammatory blood vessel conditions and is not a typical cause of hormonal rhinitis. Educationally, knowing the specific triggers of hormonal rhinitis helps nurses provide targeted interventions and educate patients and families on management strategies. This question reinforces the importance of differentiating between causes of nasal symptoms in pediatric patients, enhancing clinical reasoning skills and promoting accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the factors influencing the persistence of childhood asthma is crucial for effective management and care. The correct answer, D) parental asthma, is the strongest identifiable factor for the persistence of childhood asthma. This is because asthma has a significant genetic component, and children with a parent who has asthma are at a higher risk of developing and persisting with asthma themselves. Option A) allergy is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations, but it is not as strong a predictor for the persistence of asthma as parental history. Option B) male gender is a demographic factor that may influence asthma prevalence but is not as directly linked to persistence as parental asthma. Option C) low birth weight can be a risk factor for respiratory issues in infants, but it is not as strongly associated with the persistence of asthma compared to a family history of asthma. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the multifactorial nature of asthma in children. It emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to assess not only the child's symptoms but also their family medical history to provide comprehensive and personalized care. By recognizing the impact of parental asthma, nurses and healthcare professionals can better support children with asthma in managing their condition effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and asthma management, understanding the bronchodilator response to inhaled B-agonists like albuterol is crucial. The correct answer, D) >15%, is based on the typical response seen in asthmatic patients. Asthma is a condition characterized by reversible airway obstruction, and bronchodilators help to open up the airways, leading to an improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). In asthmatic patients, a significant increase of more than 15% in FEV1 post-bronchodilator administration is indicative of a positive response to the medication. Option A) >10%, Option B) >12%, and Option C) >14% are lower thresholds and do not reflect the substantial improvement typically seen in asthmatic individuals. Asthma is a complex respiratory condition that requires accurate assessment and management to prevent exacerbations and maintain optimal lung function. Understanding the expected response to bronchodilators is essential for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with asthma. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of recognizing typical clinical responses in asthmatic patients to bronchodilator therapy. It highlights the need for healthcare professionals to be able to interpret pulmonary function test results accurately and make informed clinical decisions based on those findings. By understanding the nuances of asthma management, nurses can provide quality care and help improve outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.