The following conditions can present in a newborn infant as a bullous eruption:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Epidermolysis bullosa. Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic condition characterized by fragile skin that blisters and forms bullae with minimal trauma. This condition can present in newborn infants as a bullous eruption due to the fragility of their skin. Option A) Syphilis typically presents with other symptoms such as rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and jaundice in newborn infants, not just bullous eruptions. Option B) Mast cell disease is a condition involving the proliferation of mast cells in tissues, leading to symptoms like skin flushing, itching, and hives, but not specifically bullous eruptions. Option D) Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder that can lead to intellectual disabilities if not managed properly, but it does not typically manifest as bullous eruptions in newborns. Educationally, understanding the differentiating characteristics of various conditions that can present with skin manifestations in newborns is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms of conditions like epidermolysis bullosa can aid in prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to improve patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Sits unsupported. At 7 months of age, infants are typically able to sit unsupported, a milestone that usually occurs around 6-8 months. This skill requires good head control, trunk strength, and balance, which are essential for further motor development. Option A) Crawls is a skill that is usually achieved around 6-10 months, so it would be expected of both a 5-month-old and a 7-month-old infant. Option B) Smiles socially is a social development milestone that typically starts around 6-8 weeks and continues to develop throughout infancy, so it would be expected of both age groups. Option C) Controls bowel and bladder is a physiological milestone that is typically achieved around 18-24 months, so it would not be expected of either a 5-month-old or a 7-month-old infant. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for pediatric healthcare providers as they assess the growth and development of infants. It allows healthcare professionals to detect any delays or abnormalities early on, enabling timely interventions and support for optimal child development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a 20-month-old child, the inability to walk unaided is cause for concern as it is a key developmental milestone that should be achieved around 12-15 months of age. Walking unaided demonstrates gross motor skills, balance, and strength, which are important for overall physical development. It also signifies proper neurological and musculoskeletal development. The other options are not as critical at this age: A) Speaking in clear two to three word phrases is a language development milestone typically achieved around 18-24 months. C) Kicking a ball involves coordination and fine motor skills that may not fully develop until around 2-3 years of age. D) Building a tower of 8 blocks requires fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination, which may not be fully developed until closer to 2 years of age. Educationally, understanding developmental milestones in pediatric pharmacology is crucial for assessing a child's overall health and well-being. Nurses and healthcare providers must be able to recognize delays or abnormalities in development to provide appropriate interventions and support for optimal growth and development. This knowledge aids in early identification of potential issues and ensures timely referrals to specialists for further evaluation and management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is C) Cushing's syndrome. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is associated with Cushing's syndrome due to the excessive glucocorticoid levels leading to bone tissue damage and compromised blood supply to the femoral head. Option A) Sickle cell trait is incorrect as it is associated with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head due to vaso-occlusive crises, not avascular necrosis. Option B) Nephrotic syndrome is incorrect as it is associated with renal disorders and not typically linked to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Option D) Hypothyroidism is incorrect as it is more commonly linked to myxedema, not avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Educationally, understanding these associations is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with various health conditions. Recognizing signs and symptoms early can lead to prompt interventions and improved outcomes for pediatric patients. It also emphasizes the importance of a thorough understanding of pharmacology and its impact on different body systems.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of achondroplasia, the correct answer is C) Can be diagnosed radiologically at birth. Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal bone growth leading to dwarfism. It can be diagnosed through radiological imaging due to distinct skeletal abnormalities present at birth, such as shortened limbs and a prominent forehead. Option A) Shortened spine is incorrect because achondroplasia primarily affects the limbs, resulting in disproportionately short arms and legs, rather than the spine itself. Option B) Increased liability to pathological fractures is incorrect as achondroplasia does not inherently predispose individuals to fractures; the primary concern is related to skeletal deformities and complications from abnormal bone growth. Option D) Infertility is incorrect as achondroplasia does not affect reproductive capabilities; individuals with achondroplasia can have children without fertility issues. Understanding the diagnostic features of achondroplasia is crucial in pediatric nursing practice to facilitate early identification and appropriate management of the condition. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals provide comprehensive care and support to children and families affected by achondroplasia.