The following are true regarding meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) usually occurs in preterm or near-term infants. Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) typically affects term or post-term infants, not preterm or near-term infants. This statement is incorrect as MAS is more commonly associated with infants born at or beyond full term. Option A is incorrect because MAS actually develops in approximately 10% of meconium-stained infants, not 5%. Option B is inaccurate as about 15-30% of infants with MAS require mechanical ventilation due to respiratory distress caused by meconium blocking the airways. Option C is sadly true, with a mortality rate of around 3-5% for infants with MAS. Educational Context: Understanding MAS is crucial for pediatric nurses as it is a serious respiratory condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in newborns. Nurses must be able to identify the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of MAS to provide prompt and appropriate care. By knowing the correct information about MAS, nurses can intervene effectively and improve outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the neonatal period, generalized edema can be associated with various medical conditions. In the context of the question, the correct answer is B) Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects females, leading to lymphedema, which can present as generalized edema. A) Congenital nephrosis is incorrect because it is a kidney disorder characterized by protein loss in the urine, leading to edema. C) Hurler syndrome is incorrect as it is a mucopolysaccharidosis disorder causing skeletal deformities and organ enlargement, but not specifically generalized edema. D) Hydrops fetalis is incorrect as it refers to severe edema in a fetus or newborn due to various causes such as heart failure or hemolytic disease, not necessarily a neonatal condition causing generalized edema. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnosis of neonatal edema is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions. Recognizing specific conditions associated with edema helps in early identification, prompt treatment, and improved outcomes for neonates. This knowledge enhances the nurse's ability to assess, plan, and intervene effectively in neonatal care settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Cytomegalovirus. Osteitis, which is inflammation of the bone, can be a feature of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in infants. Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted transplacentally from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy, leading to various manifestations including osteitis. Option B) Herpes simplex virus is incorrect because while it can cause neonatal herpes with central nervous system involvement, it is not typically associated with osteitis. Option C) Varicella-zoster virus is incorrect as it is known to cause chickenpox and shingles, but osteitis is not a common feature of these infections. Option D) Rubella is also incorrect because congenital rubella syndrome can lead to various abnormalities, but osteitis is not typically associated with rubella infection. In an educational context, understanding the manifestations of different transplacental infections is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive care to infants. Recognizing the specific features of each infection helps in early diagnosis and appropriate management to improve outcomes for affected infants.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the factors that suggest hemolytic disease as a cause of jaundice in newborns is crucial for early identification and appropriate management. The correct answer, option D, "Significant decrease in hemoglobin," is not typically associated with hemolytic disease but rather indicates other conditions such as hemorrhage or iron deficiency anemia. Option A, "Bilirubin rise of >0.5 mg/dL/h," is indicative of hemolysis leading to an increased bilirubin production. Option B, "Reticulocytosis >5% at birth," suggests an increased rate of red blood cell production in response to hemolysis. Option C, "Onset of jaundice before 24 hours of age," is also consistent with hemolytic disease as early onset jaundice is a common feature. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific clinical indicators associated with different causes of jaundice in newborns. By understanding these factors, nurses can differentiate between hemolytic disease and other causes, enabling prompt interventions and improving patient outcomes. This knowledge is essential for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive and effective care to newborns experiencing jaundice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question from the Pediatric Nursing Review, the correct answer is D) above-average intelligence. This option carries a poor prognosis for nonepileptic seizures. The rationale behind this is that individuals with above-average intelligence may have a harder time accepting their diagnosis, leading to poorer outcomes in terms of treatment adherence and psychological adjustment. Option A) symptoms of paralysis and blindness, and Option B) presence of tremor are not indicative of a poor prognosis for nonepileptic seizures. These symptoms do not necessarily correlate with treatment outcomes or long-term effects on the patient's well-being. Option C) acute onset does not necessarily point towards a poor prognosis either; it may vary depending on the underlying cause and the individual's response to treatment. From an educational perspective, understanding the prognostic factors for nonepileptic seizures is crucial for nurses working with pediatric patients. Recognizing these factors can help in providing holistic care, tailored to the individual needs of each patient. It also emphasizes the importance of considering psychological and emotional factors in pediatric care, not just the physical symptoms.