ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The following are true regarding meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is crucial for providing effective care to infants. The correct answer, D, is that MAS usually occurs in preterm or near-term infants. This is because meconium passage in utero typically happens in post-term infants. Therefore, MAS is less common in full-term infants. Option A is incorrect because MAS develops in about 5-10% of meconium-stained infants, not just 5%. Option B is inaccurate as only about 10-15% of infants with MAS require mechanical ventilation, not 30%. Option C states that 3-5% of infants die from MAS, which is true, highlighting the potential severity of the condition. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of recognizing MAS risk factors and outcomes. It underscores the need for nurses to provide prompt and appropriate care for infants at risk of MAS, including monitoring and support for respiratory distress. Understanding MAS helps nurses deliver evidence-based care and advocate for the best outcomes for pediatric patients.
Question 2 of 5
Generalized edema may be seen in the neonatal period with the following conditions EXCEPT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of generalized edema in the neonatal period is crucial for providing effective care to infants. In this question, the correct answer is B) Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is a genetic condition caused by partial or complete absence of one of the X chromosomes in females. While individuals with Turner syndrome may have various health issues, generalized edema is not a common feature of this syndrome. Therefore, B is the correct answer. A) Congenital nephrosis is a condition characterized by protein loss through the kidneys, leading to edema, making it an incorrect option in this scenario. C) Hurler syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects metabolism and can lead to various symptoms, including skeletal abnormalities and organ enlargement, but not necessarily generalized edema, making it an incorrect option. D) Hydrops fetalis is a serious fetal condition characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments. This condition can present with marked generalized edema, making it an incorrect option in this context. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of recognizing the varied presentations of different conditions in neonates. By understanding the specific features associated with each condition, nurses can provide timely and appropriate care to affected infants.
Question 3 of 5
Osteitis may be a feature of one of the following transplacental infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding transplacental infections is crucial as they can have significant implications for the fetus. Osteitis, inflammation of the bone, can be a feature of transplacental infections. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral infection that can be transmitted from mother to fetus through the placenta. It is known to cause various congenital abnormalities, including osteitis. CMV can affect multiple organs, including bones, leading to skeletal issues in affected infants. Regarding the other options: - B) Herpes simplex virus: While herpes simplex virus can cause serious infections in newborns, it is not typically associated with osteitis. - C) Varicella-zoster virus: Varicella-zoster virus is responsible for chickenpox and shingles, but it is not commonly linked to osteitis. - D) Rubella: Rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome, which can involve bone abnormalities, but osteitis specifically is not a common feature. Educational context: Understanding the manifestations of transplacental infections in pediatric nursing is essential for early recognition and appropriate management. Nurses need to be aware of the different pathogens that can affect the fetus and the specific signs and symptoms associated with each infection to provide optimal care for both the mother and the newborn. Being able to differentiate between these infections based on their clinical presentations is crucial for effective nursing practice in the care of infants with congenital infections.
Question 4 of 5
The following factors suggest hemolytic disease as a cause of jaundice in the newborn EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of jaundice in newborns is crucial for early identification and intervention. In this scenario, the correct answer is option D, "Significant decrease in hemoglobin," as it is not typically associated with hemolytic disease. Option A, a bilirubin rise of >0.5 mg/dL/h, is indicative of hemolytic disease as increased bilirubin production is a hallmark. Option B, reticulocytosis >5% at birth, is also linked to hemolytic disease due to increased red blood cell turnover. Option C, onset of jaundice before 24 hours of age, is another characteristic feature of hemolytic disease since it presents early. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the key clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of hemolytic disease in newborns. By understanding these factors, nurses can promptly identify and manage neonates at risk for severe hyperbilirubinemia and its complications. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to newborns, highlighting the importance of thorough assessment and early intervention in neonatal nursing practice.
Question 5 of 5
Although the course of the nonepileptic seizures is often benign, there are some prognostic factors that may influence the outcome. Of the following, the characteristic feature that carry poor prognosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) above-average intelligence. This characteristic feature carries a poor prognosis in nonepileptic seizures. The rationale behind this is that individuals with above-average intelligence may have higher levels of insight and self-awareness, which can lead to increased distress and difficulty in accepting the diagnosis. This can result in prolonged symptoms and poorer outcomes. Option A) symptoms of paralysis and blindness may actually indicate a conversion disorder rather than nonepileptic seizures and are not necessarily indicative of a poor prognosis. Option B) presence of tremor is a common symptom in nonepileptic seizures but does not necessarily predict a poor prognosis. Option C) acute onset is a common feature of nonepileptic seizures and does not necessarily indicate a poor prognosis. Educationally, understanding the prognostic factors in nonepileptic seizures is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the impact of above-average intelligence on prognosis can guide intervention strategies and support for these individuals. It highlights the importance of addressing psychological aspects in addition to the physical symptoms in the management of nonepileptic seizures.