The following are true regarding apnea EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding apnea is crucial as it can be a life-threatening condition in infants. The correct answer, B) in term infants, apnea is always worrisome, is right because apnea in term infants may not always be indicative of a serious underlying issue and can sometimes be normal or benign. This distinction is important for healthcare providers to make appropriate clinical judgments. Option A is incorrect because apnea is indeed a common problem in preterm infants due to their immature respiratory control. Option C is incorrect as obstructive apnea is characterized by the absence of both airflow and chest wall motion due to upper airway obstruction. Option D is incorrect as serious apnea is usually defined as cessation of breathing for longer than 20 seconds in infants, not shorter. In an educational context, it is essential for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between normal, benign apnea and worrisome apnea that requires immediate intervention. This knowledge helps in providing timely and appropriate care to infants experiencing apnea, ensuring their safety and well-being. Understanding the nuances of apnea in different age groups is vital for pediatric nurses to deliver high-quality care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an absolute indication for surgery is a positive result of abdominal paracentesis. This is because a positive result indicates the presence of free air or fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which signifies bowel perforation and the urgent need for surgical intervention to prevent further complications like sepsis or peritonitis. Option B, failure of medical management, is not an absolute indication for surgery in NEC. While it may lead to consideration of surgery, other factors need to be taken into account before proceeding with surgical intervention. Option C, a single fixed bowel loop on radiographs, and option D, a palpable mass, are not specific or absolute indications for surgery in NEC. These findings may suggest the presence of bowel pathology but do not definitively indicate the need for surgical intervention. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to understand the critical indications for surgical intervention in neonatal NEC. This knowledge can help in prompt recognition of surgical emergencies and timely referral for appropriate management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with NEC.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The apt test, also known as the activated partial thromboplastin time test, is useful for diagnosing coagulation disorders by assessing the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade. In the context of pediatric nursing, this test is particularly important in newborns to detect conditions like hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, which is characterized by vitamin K deficiency leading to abnormal bleeding. Option A) Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) is a condition where the body's clotting process is activated abnormally, leading to excessive clot formation and consumption of clotting factors. The apt test is not specific to diagnosing DIC, which typically requires a combination of tests looking at various clotting factors. Option B) Swallowed blood syndrome is not a recognized medical condition. There is no specific test associated with this term in clinical practice. Option D) Neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura involves a low platelet count in newborns, leading to a risk of bleeding. While the apt test may provide some information about the clotting process, it is not the primary test used for diagnosing thrombocytopenia. In pediatric nursing, understanding the indications and interpretation of coagulation tests like the apt test is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns and children with bleeding disorders. Recognizing the specific conditions for which these tests are useful helps nurses intervene promptly and appropriately to manage and treat these conditions, ultimately ensuring better outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the agents that commonly cause nosocomial neonatal infections is crucial for providing safe and effective care to newborns. The correct answer, option D) Gonococci, is a significant pathogen that can cause infections in newborns, especially through vertical transmission during childbirth if the mother is infected. Option A) Group B streptococci is a common cause of neonatal infections, but it is typically acquired from the mother during childbirth rather than nosocomially. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (option B) are common skin flora and can cause infections, but they are not typically associated with nosocomial neonatal infections. Option C) Proteus is not a common agent in nosocomial neonatal infections. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens that can cause infections in newborns helps nurses and healthcare providers in implementing appropriate infection control measures, early identification of infections, and prompt treatment to prevent complications in vulnerable neonates. It also highlights the importance of maternal screening and prophylaxis to prevent neonatal infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the normal progression of umbilical cord separation is crucial in identifying potential underlying abnormalities. The correct answer is C) 30 days. The umbilical cord typically falls off within 1-4 weeks after birth. If the cord persists beyond 30 days, it could indicate an underlying issue such as an umbilical granuloma, umbilical hernia, or an infection. Prompt evaluation and intervention may be necessary to prevent complications. Option A) 10 days is too early for the cord to have naturally separated, making it incorrect. Option B) 20 days is closer to the normal range but still early for consideration of an abnormality. Option D) 40 days is too late and could lead to delays in addressing any underlying issues. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of monitoring umbilical cord separation in newborns. It highlights the significance of recognizing potential abnormalities and the need for timely intervention. Understanding these timelines and potential complications is essential for pediatric nurses to provide quality care to newborns and their families.