The following are true about psychological defense mechanisms EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: They do not distort reality , which is false. Defense mechanisms (e.g., denial, projection) often distort reality to reduce anxiety, per Freudian theory. Choice A is true; they operate unconsciously (e.g., repressing trauma). Choice B is correct; they protect the ego from distress. Choice C is accurate; stress triggers them (e.g., rationalizing failure). is true; overuse (e.g., chronic denial) can heighten anxiety when reality intrudes. Ds falsehood distortion is their hallmark, as in projection attributing faults to others contrasts with the protective, unconscious truths of A-C, E, making it the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Some can be generated from fear of sickness . Fear drivillness behavior (e.g., hypochondria) and sick role adoption, per behavioral studies. Choice B is false; illness behavior can be irrational (e.g., denial). Choice C is incorrect; sick role is temporary, per Parsons. Choice D is wrong; societal norms define the sick role. is false; seeking help is core to illness behavior. As truth fear as a motivator, seen in anxiety-driven doctor visits contrasts with the definitional errors of B-E, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased growth hormone secretion . Non-REM, especially slow-wave sleep (Stage 3), boosts growth hormone release, aiding repair, per endocrine studies. Choice A is false; reflexdecrease in sleep. Choice B is incorrect; heart rate drops in Non-REM. Choice D is wrong; three stag(N1, N2, N3) vary N3 is deepest. is false; cerebral blood flow decreasvs. REM. Cs truth growth hormone peaks in deep Non-REM, critical for children contrasts with the physiological errors of A, B, D, E, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prefrontal cortex . The prefrontal cortex (PFC) governs executive functions (e.g., decision-making), planning, and working memory, per neuroimaging (e.g., Baddeleys model). Choice A (amygdala) regulatemotion. Choice B (hypothalamus) controls homeostasis. Choice C (hippocampus) handllong-term memory. Choice D (precentral gyrus) drivmotor function. truth PFC damage impairs planning (e.g., frontal lobe syndrome) distinguishit from the emotional , regulatory , memory , or motor roles, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Somatostatin . Biogenic aminserotonin , adrenaline , norepinephrine , dopamine are monoamine neurotransmitters derived from amino acids (e.g., tyrosine, tryptophan). Somatostatin, a peptide hormone, regulatneuroendocrine function, not a monoamine. A-Ds rolin mood, arousal (e.g., serotonin in depression) contrast with peptide nature, inhibiting growth hormone. Per biochemistry, biogenic aminshare synthesis pathways (e.g., decarboxylation), excluding E, making it the correct answer.