Which of the following is not a common causative agent of bacterial meningitis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Bacterial meningitis is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Step 2: Staphylococcus aureus is not a common causative agent of bacterial meningitis. Step 3: Staphylococcus aureus is more commonly associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Summary: Choices A, B, and D are common causative agents of bacterial meningitis, while choice C, Staphylococcus aureus, is not commonly associated with this infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ocrelizumab. It is the drug of choice for progressive multiple sclerosis due to its proven efficacy in reducing disease progression and disability in clinical trials. Ocrelizumab specifically targets B cells, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Dimethyl fumarate (B) and Teriflunomide (C) are more commonly used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rather than progressive forms. Fluoroquinolones (D) are antibiotics and have no role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement, mood, and cognition. Serotonin (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's. Adrenaline (B) is involved in the fight-or-flight response, not Parkinson's. GABA (D) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, not typically associated with Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Brudzinski sign. This sign is used to diagnose meningitis because it involves the involuntary flexion of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed. This reflex is indicative of meningeal irritation and is a classic sign of meningitis. A: Homan's sign is used to assess for deep vein thrombosis, not meningitis. C: Startle reflex is a normal response to a sudden unexpected stimulus, not specific to meningitis. D: Anterior drawer test is used to assess for ligamentous instability in the knee, not related to meningitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): I. Epilepsy can have a genetic predisposition, as certain genetic factors can increase the likelihood of developing epilepsy, making statement I true (T). II. Old age is indeed a risk factor for Parkinson's disease, as the incidence of the disease increases with age, making statement II true (T). Therefore, the correct answer is A (TT). Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: FT - This choice is incorrect because both statements I and II are true. C: TF - This choice is incorrect because statement I is true (T) and statement II is also true (T). D: FF - This choice is incorrect because both statements I and II are true.