ATI RN
Basic principles of pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The following are subject to extensive presystemic (first-pass) metabolism:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine (D) undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver (e.g., to glucuronides), reducing oral bioavailability (~20-30\%). Metoprolol (A) is correct too but D is chosen. Phenytoin (B) is less affected. Ciprofloxacin (C) has high F. Verapamil (original E) is heavily first-passed. First-pass, critical in oral dosing, limits systemic exposure, necessitating higher doses or alternative routes for morphine in pain management.
Question 2 of 5
Clearance is useful in calculation of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clearance (CL) determines maintenance dose (A, true) and, with Vd, affects t1/2 (C, true). It's not directly used for loading dose (B, false:Vd is key) or bioavailability (D, false:hepatic extraction is). E (‘A and C') fits, reassigned to D. Clearance's role in dosing is critical for steady-state maintenance.
Question 3 of 5
The following drugs do not readily cross to the CNS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
The following is Wrong concerning biotransformation phase I reactions
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding 'first-order kinetics', the following is Wrong:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.