The following are strategies implemented by the DOH to prevent mosquito-borne diseases. Which of these is most effective in the control of Dengue fever?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Destroying breeding places of mosquitoes. This is the most effective strategy in controlling Dengue fever because it targets the source of the problem by eliminating the breeding grounds of mosquitoes, which are essential for their reproduction. By removing stagnant water and other potential breeding sites, the mosquito population is significantly reduced, thus lowering the risk of Dengue fever transmission. Choice A, stream seeding with larva-eating fish, may help in controlling mosquito larvae in certain water bodies but may not be as effective in widespread control of Dengue fever transmission. Choice C, chemoprophylaxis, is not a primary prevention strategy and may not be practical for large populations. Choice D, teaching people to use mosquito nets, is a helpful preventive measure but may not be as effective as eliminating breeding sites in reducing Dengue fever transmission.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because clients who are relapses or failures of previous PTB treatment regimens are considered targets for DOTS category. These clients require a more structured and supervised treatment approach to ensure successful treatment outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because sputum negative cavitary cases are not typically targeted for DOTS category as they may not present the same level of treatment complexity as relapses or failures. Choice B is incorrect because clients returning after default may also require DOTS intervention, but they are not specifically categorized as targets for DOTS category. Choice D is incorrect because clients diagnosed for the first time through a positive sputum exam may not necessarily need the same level of supervision and support as relapses or failures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thickened painful nerves. Early sign of leprosy includes thickened painful nerves due to inflammation and damage to the peripheral nerves caused by the bacteria. This is known as leprosy's hallmark symptom, which is crucial for diagnosis. Macular lesions (A) and sinking of the nose bridge (D) are more commonly associated with other skin conditions or nasal deformities, not specific to leprosy. Inability to close eyelids (B) is a late sign of leprosy known as lagophthalmos, occurring after nerve damage has progressed significantly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver cirrhosis. Schistosomiasis is caused by parasitic worms that infect the liver, leading to inflammation and scarring, which can progress to cirrhosis. This chronic liver damage is the most common cause of death associated with schistosomiasis in the Philippines. A: Liver cancer may develop as a complication of cirrhosis caused by schistosomiasis, but it is not the most frequent cause of death associated with the disease. C: Bladder cancer is associated with chronic infection of the urinary tract caused by schistosomiasis, but it is not the most common cause of death. D: Intestinal perforation can occur in severe cases of intestinal schistosomiasis, but it is not the most frequent cause of death compared to liver cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: II. Artesian wells are classified as type II water facilities, which are groundwater sources that are protected from surface contamination. This classification is based on the level of protection and vulnerability of the water source. Type I facilities are surface water sources, while type III and IV facilities have varying degrees of protection and vulnerability. Therefore, when residents obtain water from an artesian well, it falls under type II classification due to its groundwater source and protection from surface contamination.