The following are manifestations of increased intracranial pressure in an infant EXCEPT

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants caushead circumference growth , bulging fontanel , vomiting , and setting sun sign due to CSF or mass effects. Failure to thrive is not a direct sign; it may occur secondary to chronic illness but isnt specific to ICP. This distinction direct pressure signs versus systemic effects makes C the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neurodevelopmental abnormalitipose the highest epilepsy risk (~30-50%) after febrile seizures, indicating underlying brain dysfunction. Recurrent seizur, short fever onset , family history , and complex seizurhave lower risks (~5-15%). Structural or functional brain issudrive C as the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Carbamazepine is the first-line drug for focal seizures, per ILAE, due to its sodium channel blockade targeting partial-onset epilepsy. Ethosuximide treats absence seizures, valproate generalized seizures, and lamotrigine is adjunctive. Carbamazepinefficacy and evidence base make A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: SUDEP risk factors include polytherapy , young age , long epilepsy duration , and frequent seizur, tied to seizure control and autonomic dysfunction. Female gender is not a consistent risk; malmay be slightly more affected. Genders lack of specificity make B the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line drug for neonatal seizures, per AAP, due to its efficacy, safety, and long half-life stabilizing GABA receptors. Diazepam , midazolam , and lorazepam risk respiratory depression; phenytoin is second-line. Phenobarbitals evidence base makes C the correct answer.