The following are manifestations of hypocalcemia in the neonate EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the manifestations of hypocalcemia in neonates is crucial for providing optimal care. The correct answer, option D - High-pitched cry, is not typically associated with hypocalcemia in neonates. A high-pitched cry is more commonly seen in infants with neurological issues or conditions like meningitis. Option A - Jitteriness, and Option B - Seizures are common manifestations of hypocalcemia in neonates. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability, resulting in jitteriness and seizures due to the effect of low calcium levels on nerve conduction. Option C - Carpopedal spasm is also a symptom of hypocalcemia. This refers to involuntary muscle contractions in the hands and feet, which can occur due to low calcium levels affecting muscle function. Educationally, it is important for nurses to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia in neonates to provide timely interventions and prevent complications. Understanding these manifestations helps in prompt assessment, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate management of neonates with hypocalcemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) the oldest member of a family of few children is more likely to be affected by school phobia. This statement is accurate because research suggests that children who are the oldest in families with few children may experience increased pressure and expectations, leading to higher levels of anxiety related to school attendance. Option A is incorrect as affected children may indeed have antisocial tendencies, which can contribute to their difficulties with school attendance. Option B stating that girls are more likely affected than boys is not supported by research, as school phobia can affect children of any gender. Option C mentioning a strong association with social class is not directly related to the prevalence of school phobia. In an educational context, understanding factors that contribute to school phobia is crucial for pediatric nurses working with children and families. By recognizing that family dynamics, birth order, and other factors can play a role in school-related anxieties, nurses can provide more targeted support and interventions to help children overcome these challenges and thrive in educational settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Asperger syndrome. Stimulant drugs, such as methylphenidate, are commonly used to treat symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention in individuals with ASDs. Asperger syndrome is a form of ASD where individuals often exhibit symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity similar to those seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, stimulant drugs are more likely to be effective in managing these specific symptoms in individuals with Asperger syndrome. Option A) autism is not the best response because autism itself is a spectrum disorder with a wide range of symptoms and presentations, and stimulant drugs may not always be the most effective treatment for all individuals with autism. Option C) childhood disintegrative disorder is a rare condition characterized by a loss of previously acquired skills, including language and social abilities, and stimulant drugs are not typically indicated for the core symptoms of this disorder. Option D) Rett syndrome is a genetic disorder primarily affecting girls and is characterized by a regression of motor and communication skills, as well as the presence of repetitive hand movements. Stimulant drugs are not considered appropriate for managing the symptoms of Rett syndrome. In an educational context, understanding the specific characteristics of different ASDs and the appropriate pharmacological interventions is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. This knowledge helps in individualizing treatment plans to address the unique needs of each child with an ASD, ensuring optimal outcomes and quality of life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) inception in preschool years and sometimes somnambulism. Night terrors are a common parasomnia in childhood, typically starting in the preschool years when children experience partial arousal from deep sleep stages. This can lead to intense fear, screaming, and confusion, often accompanied by physical symptoms like increased heart rate and sweating. Sometimes, night terrors can progress to somnambulism, or sleepwalking, in which the child may walk around or engage in other activities while still asleep. Option A) REM sleep is incorrect because night terrors are not associated with REM sleep, but rather with disruptions in non-REM sleep stages. Option B) overeating after 7:00 p.m. is incorrect because while diet can impact sleep patterns, it is not a direct cause of night terrors. Option C) the use of antipsychotic medication is incorrect because night terrors are not typically caused by antipsychotic medication in children. In an educational context, understanding the causes and characteristics of night terrors is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and support to children and their families. By recognizing the onset in preschool years and potential progression to somnambulism, nurses can offer guidance on sleep hygiene, stress management, and other interventions to help manage and reduce the occurrence of night terrors in children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding how psychosocial problems manifest is crucial for providing holistic care to children. The correct answer is D) performance. Psychosocial problems can impact a child's overall performance in various areas of life, such as academic performance, social interactions, and activities of daily living. By addressing these performance-related issues, nurses can help children cope better and improve their overall well-being. Option A) feelings may seem like a plausible choice as psychosocial problems can indeed affect a child's emotions. However, the question specifically asks about manifestations, and feelings alone may not always be outwardly visible or measurable. Option B) body function is more related to physiological problems rather than psychosocial issues. While psychosocial factors can influence physical health, the direct impact on body functions is less common compared to effects on performance. Option C) behavior is closely linked to psychosocial problems, but focusing solely on behavior may overlook other important manifestations like cognitive difficulties or emotional disturbances that also impact a child's performance. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of recognizing the diverse ways psychosocial problems can present in pediatric patients. By understanding these manifestations, nurses can intervene appropriately to support children's holistic well-being and development.