The following are manifestations of hypocalcemia in the neonate EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the manifestations of hypocalcemia in neonates is crucial for providing safe and effective care. In this case, the correct answer is D) High-pitched cry. Neonates with hypocalcemia often present with symptoms such as jitteriness, seizures, and carpopedal spasms, which are all related to neuromuscular irritability due to low calcium levels. However, a high-pitched cry is not a typical manifestation of hypocalcemia in neonates. A high-pitched cry is more commonly associated with conditions like central nervous system abnormalities or neurological issues rather than hypocalcemia. By recognizing this distinction, healthcare providers can better differentiate between various neonatal conditions and provide appropriate interventions promptly. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of thorough assessment and knowledge of neonatal symptoms. It reinforces the need for healthcare providers to be able to differentiate between various clinical manifestations in neonates to provide accurate and timely care. Understanding these distinctions is vital for pediatric nurses to ensure the best outcomes for their neonatal patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) the oldest member of a family of few children is more likely to be affected by school phobia. This is because birth order and family dynamics can play a role in the development of school phobia. The oldest child in a family of few children may feel more pressure to succeed, be a role model, or experience greater expectations from parents, leading to increased stress and anxiety about school attendance. Option A is incorrect because affected children can indeed have antisocial tendencies, as school phobia can manifest in various behavioral ways. Option B is incorrect as school phobia does not have a gender bias, affecting both boys and girls. Option C is incorrect as there is no strong association with social class in the development of school phobia. From an educational standpoint, understanding the factors that contribute to school phobia can help educators and healthcare professionals provide targeted support and interventions to help children overcome their anxieties and thrive in the school environment. By recognizing the role of family dynamics, educators can work collaboratively with families to create a supportive and nurturing school experience for children struggling with school phobia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), it is important to understand the use of stimulant drugs. The correct answer, option B) Asperger syndrome, is the best response to these drugs for several reasons. Stimulant drugs, such as those used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are often prescribed to address symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention. Individuals with Asperger syndrome may exhibit these symptoms in addition to social difficulties and repetitive behaviors commonly seen in ASDs. Stimulant medications can help improve focus, reduce impulsivity, and enhance cognitive functioning in individuals with Asperger syndrome, leading to better overall functioning and quality of life. Regarding the other options: - Option A) autism: While individuals with autism may also experience symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention, stimulant drugs may not be as effective due to the complexity and variability of symptoms within the autism spectrum. - Option C) childhood disintegrative disorder: This is a rare condition characterized by a loss of previously acquired skills, and stimulant drugs are not typically indicated for its management. - Option D) Rett syndrome: This is a genetic disorder that primarily affects girls and is characterized by developmental regression, motor impairments, and repetitive hand movements. Stimulant drugs are not appropriate for the management of symptoms associated with Rett syndrome. In an educational context, understanding the nuances of pharmacological interventions for different conditions within the ASD spectrum is crucial for pediatric nurses. By grasping which medications are most effective for specific symptoms and disorders, nurses can play a vital role in advocating for the optimal care and treatment of children with ASDs. It is essential to consider individual differences, co-occurring conditions, and the potential benefits and risks of medication therapy when caring for pediatric patients with ASDs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Night terrors are associated with the correct answer choice D, which states "inception in preschool years and sometimes somnambulism." Night terrors are a type of sleep disorder that typically occurs during non-REM sleep, particularly during the deep sleep stages. They are more common in children, especially in the preschool years when sleep patterns are still developing. Night terrors are different from nightmares and are characterized by sudden awakenings with intense fear and confusion. Option A, REM sleep, is incorrect because night terrors occur during non-REM sleep. Option B, overeating after 7:00 p.m., is unrelated to the cause of night terrors. Option C, the use of antipsychotic medication, is also incorrect as night terrors are not typically associated with this type of medication. In an educational context, understanding the association of night terrors with the preschool years and somnambulism is crucial for pediatric nurses. By recognizing the typical onset age of night terrors and their characteristics, nurses can provide appropriate education and support to parents and caregivers dealing with a child experiencing night terrors. Additionally, this knowledge helps nurses differentiate night terrors from other sleep disorders and provide effective interventions to manage them.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding psychosocial problems and their manifestations is crucial for providing holistic care to children. The correct answer is D) performance. Psychosocial problems can indeed manifest as disturbances in a child's performance, such as in school, social interactions, or extracurricular activities. This can include a decline in academic performance, withdrawal from social situations, or changes in behavior. Option A) feelings is incorrect because while psychosocial problems can impact a child's emotions, the primary manifestation is often seen in their performance and functioning. Option B) body function is also incorrect as psychosocial issues primarily affect the mental and emotional aspects rather than physical functions. Option C) behavior is a close distractor, but it is not as comprehensive as performance, which encompasses a wider range of areas where psychosocial problems can manifest. Educationally, understanding how psychosocial problems present themselves in children is essential for pediatric nurses to assess, intervene, and support these young patients effectively. By recognizing disturbances in performance, nurses can collaborate with other healthcare professionals and caregivers to develop a comprehensive care plan that addresses the child's psychosocial needs alongside their physical health.