The following are examples of prodrugs:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All these drugs require metabolic activation to exert their therapeutic effects, making them prodrugs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin glargine is typically administered subcutaneously. Subcutaneous injection allows for slow and continuous absorption of the medication, providing a sustained release of insulin to help regulate blood sugar levels. This route of administration is commonly used for long-acting insulins like insulin glargine to provide basal insulin coverage throughout the day. Sublingual, oral, IV, and other routes are not appropriate for administering insulin glargine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Drowsiness is a common side effect of oxycodone, an opioid analgesic. Patients should be advised to avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving, while taking this medication. Paresthesia (A), increased intracranial pressure (B), and occipital headache (C) are not typical side effects of oxycodone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Metronidazole is a versatile antibiotic that is effective in the treatment of various infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and parasites.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Antifibrinolytic drugs work by inhibiting the activity of plasmin, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of fibrin clots. By blocking the activation of plasminogen to form plasmin, these drugs help stabilize the formed fibrin clot, thus promoting hemostasis and preventing excessive bleeding. This mechanism is particularly useful in conditions where increased fibrinolysis is a concern, such as in surgical procedures or certain bleeding disorders. Examples of antifibrinolytic drugs include tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid.