ATI RN
NCLEX Practice Questions Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The first sound of the heart beat results from
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first heart sound (S₁, ‘lub’) occurs when AV valves (tricuspid, mitral) close at the start of ventricular systole (B). Semilunar valve closure (A) is S₂ (‘dub’), and atrial contraction (C) precedes S₁, not causing it.
Question 2 of 5
Identify the structures blood will flow through as blood flows from the left ventricle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood flows from the left ventricle through: artery (aorta), arteriole, capillary, venule, vein (B). A reverses artery-arteriole, C misorders, D starts with veins.
Question 3 of 5
Blood flows the fastest in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood flows fastest in arteries (B, ~300-500 mm/s) due to high pressure and large diameter. Capillaries (C, ~0.3 mm/s), venules (A), and arterioles (D) are slower due to smaller size or lower pressure.
Question 4 of 5
Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by increasing:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angiotensin II constricts arterioles and stimulates aldosterone release (A), increasing BP via resistance and volume. B, C, D mismatch its effects.
Question 5 of 5
What vessels drain blood from the kidneys?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renal veins (C) drain blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava. Hepatic veins (A) drain the liver, jugulars (B) the head, and iliac arteries (D) supply blood.