ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The first line of defence against this change in [H+] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: phosphate buffer system. Phosphate buffer system is an important intracellular buffer that helps regulate pH within cells. It consists of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4^2-). When [H+] increases, H2PO4- can accept H+ ions to form H3PO4, preventing a drastic decrease in pH. Choice B (NH4+:NH3 buffer system) is incorrect because it primarily functions in the kidney to regulate acid-base balance. Choice C (protein buffer system) is incorrect because proteins mainly act as intracellular buffers and have a limited capacity to respond to rapid changes in [H+]. Choice D (haemoglobin buffer system) is incorrect because haemoglobin primarily buffers CO2 levels in the blood through the bicarbonate buffer system, not [H+].
Question 2 of 5
Although the terms "water" and "fluid" are often used to refer to the same thing, they are actually different.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Water and fluid are not interchangeable terms. Water specifically refers to the liquid state of H2O molecules, while fluid is a broader term encompassing any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Water is a type of fluid, but not all fluids are water. Therefore, it is accurate to say that water and fluid are different. Summary of Other Choices: B: FALSE - Incorrect because water and fluid have distinct meanings. C: NA - Not applicable as it does not provide a valid response. D: NA - Not applicable as it does not provide a valid response.
Question 3 of 5
Proteins within the ICF are not freely exchanged with the ECF.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Proteins within the intracellular fluid (ICF) are not freely exchanged with the extracellular fluid (ECF) due to the presence of the cell membrane. The cell membrane acts as a semi-permeable barrier that selectively regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Proteins are too large to pass through the cell membrane freely, thus preventing their exchange between the ICF and ECF. This selective permeability is crucial for maintaining the internal environment of the cell and supporting various cellular functions. Option B: FALSE is incorrect because the statement is indeed true, as explained above. Options C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information to address the question.
Question 4 of 5
Salt conservation by the body will result in a hypertonic ECF.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Certainly! Salt conservation by the body will lead to an increase in the sodium concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF), making it hypertonic. This occurs when the kidneys reabsorb more sodium to maintain electrolyte balance. Other choices are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the outcome of salt conservation on ECF tonicity.
Question 5 of 5
Water balance can be regulated independently from solute regulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Water balance can be regulated independently from solute regulation because the body has separate mechanisms to control water and solute levels. The kidneys regulate water balance through processes like reabsorption and excretion, while solute regulation involves maintaining proper concentrations of ions and molecules in the body. Therefore, it is true that water balance can be controlled independently from solute regulation. Other choices are not applicable (NA) as they do not provide relevant information on the question.