ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
The finger-like extensions inside the small intestine are called _____ and increase the surface area.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: villi. Villi are finger-like projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. They contain blood vessels and lacteals. Microvilli (A) are tiny projections on the surface of villi that further increase surface area. Lacteals (C) are lymphatic vessels within villi that absorb fats. Lumens (D) refer to the inner space of a tubular structure and are not the finger-like extensions inside the small intestine.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse admits a client to the emergency department who reports nausea and vomiting that worsens when he lies down. Antacids do not help. The provider suspects acute pancreatitis. Which of the following laboratory test results should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased serum amylase. In acute pancreatitis, the pancreas becomes inflamed and releases enzymes like amylase into the bloodstream. Amylase levels rise significantly in this condition. Elevated serum amylase is a key diagnostic marker for acute pancreatitis. A: Decreased WBC - This is not a typical finding in acute pancreatitis. Inflammation in the pancreas usually leads to an increased WBC count. C: Decreased serum lipase - Lipase levels actually increase in acute pancreatitis along with amylase. Both are important diagnostic markers. D: Increased serum calcium - While hypercalcemia can occur in severe pancreatitis, it is not as specific or sensitive as elevated amylase levels in diagnosing acute pancreatitis.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is to start receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Change the TPN tubing every 48 hr. This is essential to prevent bacterial growth and infection, maintaining the integrity of the TPN solution. Regular tubing changes reduce the risk of contamination and ensure patient safety. A: Using a 1.2 micron filter is not directly related to tubing changes and is not a primary concern for TPN administration. B: Allowing 18 hr for lipids to infuse is not a standard practice and does not address the need for tubing changes. C: Changing the TPN solution after 36 hr is not a standard guideline and may not be necessary unless specific factors indicate a need for a change.
Question 4 of 5
After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing. This intervention helps maintain a moist environment for wound healing and prevents further contamination. Irrigating with Betadine (A) can be harmful to tissues. Applying a dry sterile dressing (C) can lead to desiccation and delays healing. Pushing organs back (D) should only be done by a medical professional to avoid causing further harm.
Question 5 of 5
Stimulation of the parasympathetic neurons in the GI tract from Auerbach's or myenteric plexus will cause
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stimulation of parasympathetic neurons in the GI tract from Auerbach's or myenteric plexus leads to the release of acetylcholine, which enhances GI motility and peristalsis. This is because acetylcholine acts on smooth muscle and stimulates contractions, promoting movement of food through the GI tract. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: Inhibition of local secretions is incorrect as parasympathetic stimulation usually enhances glandular secretions in the GI tract. B: Inhibition of peristalsis is incorrect because parasympathetic stimulation typically increases peristalsis. C: Stimulation of local secretions is incorrect as parasympathetic stimulation usually promotes secretion but does not inhibit it.