ATI RN
Practice Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from our lung's performed by
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: cilia. Cilia are tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract that sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs to keep them clean. Bronchioles are small airways in the lungs through which air passes, not involved in filtering. Hair in the lungs is not a natural structure; it would be harmful. Choice D is incorrect because not all options listed are involved in filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from the lungs.
Question 2 of 5
The 75-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with shortness of breath, fatigue, and a dry cough. When information leads the nurse to suspect that this patient should undergo workup for histoplasmosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because living on a farm and raising chickens increases the risk of exposure to histoplasmosis, a fungal infection commonly found in soil contaminated with bird droppings. Raising chickens can lead to exposure to bird feces, which may contain the histoplasma fungus. The other choices (A, C, D) do not directly involve exposure to environments where the fungus is commonly found, making them less likely to lead to histoplasmosis workup.
Question 3 of 5
Which type of acid-base imbalance can result from the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase leads to decreased bicarbonate levels, causing metabolic alkalosis. Without adequate bicarbonate, the body accumulates excess base, resulting in alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis (A) is incorrect because inhibition of carbonic anhydrase would lead to excess base, not acid. Respiratory acidosis (B) and respiratory alkalosis (D) are incorrect as they are caused by respiratory, not metabolic, disturbances.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement by a patient with newly diagnosed heart failure indicates to the nurse that the teaching was effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates understanding of monitoring for fluid retention, a common issue in heart failure. Calling the clinic if weight increases by 3 pounds in a week allows for early intervention. Choice B is incorrect because taking furosemide at bedtime may disrupt sleep and increase nighttime urination. Choice C is incorrect as nitroglycerin is for acute chest pain, not a preventative measure. Choice D is incorrect because weighing weekly may not catch sudden weight changes that indicate worsening heart failure.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement is false about anatomical dead space?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Bohr's method measures physiological dead space, not anatomical dead space. Anatomical dead space is constant and not affected by N2 concentration. A: Anatomical dead space does vary with age due to changes in lung dimensions. B: Fowlers method estimates anatomical dead space by measuring tidal volume and respiratory rate. C: Anatomical dead space is not significantly large in shallow breathing as it mainly involves the conducting airways, not the alveoli.