The fetal head retracting against the perineum is a

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Turtle sign. This sign refers to the fetal head retracting against the perineum during delivery. It indicates shoulder dystocia, a complication where the baby's shoulders get stuck after the head is delivered. This can lead to serious complications for both the baby and the mother if not managed promptly. A: Gaskin sign is incorrect as it refers to a position where the mother is on her hands and knees during labor. C: Klumpke sign is incorrect as it is a neurological condition affecting the lower arm and hand. D: Chignon sign is incorrect as it is not a recognized medical term related to childbirth.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Local anesthesia, cleansing, and suture repair. 1. Local anesthesia is needed to numb the area before suturing. 2. Cleansing is necessary to prevent infection and remove debris. 3. Suture repair is required for a jagged laceration to promote proper wound healing and minimize scarring. Other choices are incorrect: A: Antibiotic therapy is not indicated for clean, non-infected wounds like this laceration. B: Wound exploration for foreign bodies is not necessary in this case as the mechanism of injury is known and there is no indication of foreign bodies. D: Tetanus prophylaxis is important but not directly related to the immediate management of the laceration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, not just during labor. Step 2: Mother with active TB can transmit the bacteria to the child during childbirth. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission never occurs during labor is false. Summary: Choice B is correct because TB transmission can occur during labor, making Choice A incorrect. Choices C and D are irrelevant.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because deep transverse arrest occurs when the level of the occiput and the sinciput is the same, leading to a failure of descent of the fetal head through the pelvis. This alignment issue hinders the progress of labor despite adequate contractions. A: Incorrect. Flexion being well maintained is not a defining characteristic of deep transverse arrest. B: Incorrect. While strong uterine contractions can contribute to labor challenges, deep transverse arrest is specifically related to the alignment of the fetal head. C: Incorrect. The curvature of the sacrum is not directly related to deep transverse arrest.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyperemesis gravidarum. This condition is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, dehydration in pregnancy. It is more severe than typical morning sickness (choice A) and is not specific to multiple gestation (choice B). Hypertensive disorders (choice D) typically present with high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema, not just nausea and vomiting. Hyperemesis gravidarum requires medical intervention due to potential complications from dehydration and malnutrition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Puerperal pyrexia refers to fever occurring after childbirth. Step 2: Causes can be obstetric (infection) or non-obstetric (e.g., urinary tract infection). Step 3: Non-obstetric causes are also common postpartum. Step 4: Therefore, puerperal pyrexia is not entirely obstetrically related. Step 5: Hence, the correct answer is B (FALSE).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because establishing an intravenous line is essential for immediate access to administer fluids, medications, and blood products during the emergency cesarean section. This step ensures that the patient's vital signs can be supported, and any emergent interventions can be readily delivered. A: While informed consent is important, in an emergency situation, the priority is to ensure the patient's immediate medical needs are met. B: Inserting a Foley's catheter may be necessary during the procedure, but it is not the most critical assessment prior to the cesarean section. D: Shaving the perineal area is not a priority in an emergency situation and may be done during the preparation for surgery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - All of the above. Braxton Hicks contractions can be differentiated from true labor by timing, intensity, and duration. Timing refers to the regularity of contractions, intensity relates to the strength of contractions, and duration indicates how long contractions last. By considering all three factors together, one can determine whether contractions are Braxton Hicks (practice contractions) or true labor contractions. Choices A, B, and C alone provide only partial information, which may lead to misinterpretation. Therefore, choosing all three factors collectively (D) is essential for accurate differentiation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because skin-to-skin contact after birth offers multiple benefits. Firstly, it helps stabilize the baby's temperature by utilizing the parent's body heat. Secondly, it promotes bonding between the parent and baby through physical closeness and touch. Finally, it can regulate the baby's heartbeat by providing a calming and reassuring environment. Therefore, all of the above choices are correct in highlighting the significance of skin-to-skin contact after birth.