The female sex of the child involves the following during fecundation:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because during fecundation, the female sex of the child is determined by the presence of the X sex chromosome in the spermatozoon and the ovule. This leads to the combination of XX chromosomes, resulting in a female child. Choice A (spermatozoon with X chromosome) alone would lead to a female child, but it requires the ovule to also have an X chromosome for the correct combination. Choice B (spermatozoon with Y chromosome) would result in a male child. Choice C (ovule with Y chromosome) is incorrect as the ovule always contains an X chromosome. Thus, the correct combination for a female child is when the spermatozoon contains the X chromosome and the ovule contains the X chromosome.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) changed her dish detergent recently. The rationale behind this is that an irritated, erythematous area on the skin can often be attributed to contact dermatitis, which is an inflammatory reaction caused by direct skin contact with an irritant or allergen, such as certain chemicals in dish detergents. Option A) eaten any new or different foods recently is incorrect because food allergies or reactions typically present with systemic symptoms rather than localized skin irritation on the hand. Option B) developed signs of anaphylaxis is also incorrect as anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that involves multiple organ systems, not just a localized skin reaction. Option D) been exposed to any strange animals is incorrect as this would not typically be the cause of an irritated area on the hand unless there was direct contact with an allergen from the animal. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals to be able to differentiate between various causes of skin irritations to provide appropriate treatment and advice to patients. Understanding the potential triggers for skin reactions, such as chemicals in detergents, can help in guiding patients towards avoiding such irritants and managing their symptoms effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Assess for and report calf pain or calf tenderness. Thrombophlebitis is characterized by inflammation of a vein usually accompanied by the formation of a blood clot. Monitoring for calf pain or tenderness is crucial as these can be early signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a serious complication of thrombophlebitis. Detecting DVT early allows for prompt intervention to prevent further complications like pulmonary embolism. Option A) Giving warm sitz baths after sutures have been removed is not directly related to minimizing the occurrence of thrombophlebitis. While sitz baths may promote comfort and healing in certain conditions, they do not specifically address the prevention of thrombophlebitis. Option B) Applying an air or egg crate mattress to the bed is more related to preventing pressure ulcers and promoting comfort for immobile patients. While these interventions are important in overall patient care, they do not specifically target the prevention of thrombophlebitis. Option C) Administering prescribed analgesics liberally may help in managing pain associated with thrombophlebitis, but it does not directly address the prevention of thrombophlebitis. Pain management is important for patient comfort but should not be the primary focus when trying to minimize the risk of developing thrombophlebitis. In an educational context, understanding the importance of early detection and intervention in thrombophlebitis is crucial for nurses caring for patients at risk. Nurses play a vital role in recognizing subtle signs and symptoms, such as calf pain or tenderness, and promptly reporting them for further evaluation and management. This question highlights the need for nurses to have a strong knowledge base and keen assessment skills to provide safe and effective care to clients with disorders in the reproductive system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Most clients are not hospitalized long. Rationale: Providing early discharge instructions and making arrangements for home care for clients undergoing mastectomy is crucial because most clients undergoing this procedure are not hospitalized for an extended period. Mastectomy is often performed as a day surgery or with a short hospital stay, so ensuring that the client has the necessary information and support upon discharge is essential for their continued recovery and well-being. Option A) The adverse effects of mastectomy are immediate is incorrect because while there are immediate post-operative effects, the need for early discharge instructions is more related to the short hospital stays associated with mastectomy. Option B) The wound of the surgery is highly contagious and the client should exercise isolation precautions immediately after the procedure is incorrect as mastectomy wound care does not typically require isolation precautions as it is not a contagious condition. Option D) The suicidal tendencies in women undergoing a mastectomy are high is incorrect. While mental health support is important for women undergoing mastectomy, the need for early discharge instructions is more directly related to the length of hospital stay typical for this procedure. Educational context: Understanding the rationale for providing early discharge instructions and arranging home care for clients undergoing mastectomy is essential for healthcare providers working with this patient population. By ensuring that patients have the necessary support and resources upon discharge, healthcare professionals can contribute to better post-operative outcomes and overall patient satisfaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Granulation of the cornea and blindness. Chlamydia acquired through ophthalmic infection by autoinoculation can lead to severe eye complications, including granulation of the cornea and blindness. Option A) Testicular pain is a common symptom of chlamydia in males, but in this specific case where the infection was acquired through ophthalmic route, testicular pain would not be the primary symptom. Option B) Anal infection is another common manifestation of chlamydia, but again, in this case where the infection was acquired through the eyes, anal infection is not the expected symptom. Option D) Sore throat with an infected pharynx is not typically associated with chlamydia acquired through ophthalmic infection. Symptoms of pharyngeal chlamydia usually include throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the diverse manifestations of chlamydia depending on the route of transmission. It underscores the need for healthcare providers to consider the mode of transmission when assessing symptoms and making a diagnosis. This knowledge is crucial in providing targeted and effective treatment for patients.