The female Bartholin glands correspond to the male _____.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The female Bartholin glands are homologous to the male Cowper's glands. Both glands secrete fluid to lubricate the reproductive tract during sexual arousal. The prostate gland (choice A) is not the correct answer as it is a different structure that produces seminal fluid. The seminal vesicles (choice C) secrete a significant portion of the seminal fluid but are not the male counterpart to the Bartholin glands. The glans (choice D) refers to the tip of the penis and is not the correct counterpart to the Bartholin glands. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Cowper's glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cord blood stem cells. Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells that are collected from the blood in the umbilical cord and placenta after a baby is born. These stem cells are known as cord blood stem cells, which are multipotent and have the potential to develop into various types of cells in the body. Pluripotent stem cells (choice A) refer to stem cells that can differentiate into almost any cell type, which is not specifically present in the umbilical cord. Blood stem cells (choice C) are found in bone marrow and are responsible for producing blood cells, but they are not the primary type of stem cells found in umbilical cord blood. Choice D is incorrect because umbilical cord blood indeed contains cord blood stem cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: LH (luteinizing hormone) stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone by binding to its receptor on the Leydig cells, triggering the production and release of testosterone. GnRH (choice A) stimulates the release of LH, not testosterone directly. Inhibin (choice C) inhibits FSH secretion but does not directly stimulate testosterone production. DHT (choice D) is a metabolite of testosterone and does not stimulate Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Testosterone. Testosterone promotes the final step of spermatogenesis, which is the maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa. Testosterone is essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Choice A, Relaxin, is not involved in spermatogenesis. Choice C, Inhibin, regulates FSH secretion but does not directly promote the final step of spermatogenesis. Choice D, Estrogen, is a female sex hormone and not directly involved in spermatogenesis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oogonia. Oogonia are the cells that give rise to primary oocytes during fetal development. Oogonia undergo mitosis to produce primary oocytes, which then enter meiosis I to form secondary oocytes. Spermatogonia (A) are male germ cells that develop into sperm, not oocytes. Secondary oocytes (B) are formed from primary oocytes in the ovary after meiosis I completion. Granulosa cells (D) are somatic cells in the ovary that support oocyte development but do not give rise to oocytes themselves.