ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
The family suspects that AIDS dementia is occurring in their son who is HIV positive. Which symptom confirms their suspicions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) A change has recently occurred in his handwriting. This symptom suggests AIDS dementia because it is a common neurological manifestation of advanced HIV infection in pediatric patients. AIDS dementia complex can present with cognitive impairment, behavioral changes, motor dysfunction, and alterations in handwriting, which may include deterioration in fine motor skills. Option B) The client has a persistent cough and fever is incorrect because these symptoms are more indicative of respiratory infections common in HIV-positive pediatric patients, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, rather than AIDS dementia. Option C) The client experiences shortness of breath is incorrect as it could be a sign of respiratory issues or cardiovascular problems in the context of HIV, but it is not specific to AIDS dementia. Option D) The client exhibits a loss of appetite is also incorrect since it is a non-specific symptom commonly seen in various conditions, including HIV infection, but not specifically indicative of AIDS dementia. Educationally, understanding the neurological manifestations of advanced HIV infection, such as AIDS dementia complex, is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for HIV-positive children. Recognizing subtle changes in handwriting can prompt early intervention and appropriate management to improve the quality of life for these patients. Regular neurological assessments and education for families on recognizing such symptoms are essential in the holistic care of pediatric patients with HIV.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse has provided home care instructions to the parents of a child who is being discharged after cardiac surgery. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "I can apply lotion or powder to the incision if it is itchy," indicates a need for further instructions. This statement is incorrect because applying lotion or powder to a surgical incision can introduce foreign substances and increase the risk of infection, which is crucial to avoid in the post-operative period. Option A is correct because a balance of rest and exercise is essential for the child's recovery after cardiac surgery. It promotes healing while preventing complications like blood clots. Option C is correct as activities that could result in falls should be avoided to prevent injury to the surgical site and ensure the child's safety during the initial healing phase. Option D is correct as crowded places like malls or grocery stores pose a risk of exposure to infections, which the child's weakened immune system may not be able to handle immediately after surgery. It is crucial to educate parents on post-operative care to ensure the child's optimal recovery and reduce the risk of complications. Providing clear instructions and addressing misconceptions, like the one in option B, are vital components of pediatric nursing education in cardiovascular disorders.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with Kawasaki disease. A student nurse who is on the unit asks if there are medications to treat the disease. The nurse’s best response to the student nurse is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In treating Kawasaki disease, the correct answer is C) Immunoglobulin G and aspirin. Immunoglobulin G helps to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities associated with Kawasaki disease, while aspirin is used to manage inflammation and reduce the risk of blood clot formation. Option A) Immunoglobulin G and ACE inhibitors is incorrect because ACE inhibitors are not typically used in the treatment of Kawasaki disease. Option B) Immunoglobulin and heparin is incorrect because heparin is not a standard treatment for Kawasaki disease. Option D) Immunoglobulin and ibuprofen is incorrect because ibuprofen is not recommended in Kawasaki disease treatment due to its potential to worsen the risk of coronary artery aneurysms. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the rationale behind treatment choices for pediatric cardiovascular disorders like Kawasaki disease. This knowledge helps ensure safe and effective care for pediatric patients, highlighting the importance of evidence-based practice in pediatric pharmacology.
Question 4 of 5
A child has been diagnosed with valvular disease following rheumatic fever (RF). During patient teaching, the nurse discusses the child’s long-term prophylactic therapy with antibiotics for dental procedures, surgery, and childbirth. The parents Indicate they understand when they say:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) “She will need to take the antibiotics for the rest of her life.” This is because prophylactic antibiotic therapy for valvular disease following rheumatic fever is typically recommended indefinitely to prevent the recurrence of acute rheumatic fever and further damage to the heart valves. Rheumatic fever can lead to permanent heart damage, including valvular disease, which necessitates lifelong prophylactic antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Option A) “She will need to take the antibiotics until she turns 18 years old.” is incorrect because the duration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not limited to a specific age but rather to prevent complications associated with the underlying valvular disease. Option B) “She will need to take the antibiotics for 5 years after the last attack.” is incorrect as well because the duration of antibiotic therapy is not restricted to a fixed time period after the last attack but is recommended indefinitely due to the risk of recurrent rheumatic fever. Option C) “She will need to take the antibiotics for 10 years after the last attack.” is also incorrect as the duration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not limited to a specific number of years after the last attack but is a lifelong regimen. It is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals to educate patients and their families about the importance of adherence to long-term prophylactic antibiotic therapy in valvular disease following rheumatic fever to prevent complications and promote optimal cardiovascular health.
Question 5 of 5
While preparing to discharge an 8-month-old infant who is recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, the nurse teaches the parents about their infant’s dietary and fluid requirements. The nurse should include which other topic in the teaching session?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Safety guidelines. When preparing to discharge an infant recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, it is crucial to educate parents about safety guidelines as part of their infant's care. Dehydration can make infants more vulnerable to accidents, so educating parents on safety measures is essential to prevent injuries and ensure the infant's well-being. Option A) Nursery schools is irrelevant in this context as the focus is on immediate post-discharge care at home, not on schooling options for the infant. Option B) Toilet training is developmentally inappropriate for an 8-month-old infant and is not a priority in this situation where the focus needs to be on immediate care needs post-recovery. Option D) Preparation for surgery is also not relevant in this case as the infant is recovering from gastroenteritis and dehydration, not undergoing surgery. In an educational context, teaching parents about safety guidelines is a fundamental aspect of pediatric nursing care. Providing parents with knowledge on how to create a safe environment for their infant helps prevent accidents and promotes optimal growth and development. It is essential for nurses to empower parents with the necessary information to keep their infants safe and healthy at home.