The failure of a testes to descend is referred to as _____.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cryptorchidism. This is because cryptorchidism specifically refers to the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. It is a common condition in newborns and can lead to complications if not treated. A: Inguinal hernia is the protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal, not related to testes descent. B: Strangulated hernia occurs when the blood supply to the herniated tissue is cut off, not related to testes descent. C: Vaginal process is a structure involved in testicular descent but does not describe the failure of testes descent itself. Summary: Cryptorchidism is the correct term for undescended testes, while the other options are unrelated conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: estrogen. During puberty in females, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release hormones, leading to increased estrogen levels. Estrogen plays a key role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the onset of menstruation. FSH and LH are also involved in the menstrual cycle but do not directly initiate puberty. Progesterone is mainly involved in the menstrual cycle's later stages, not the initiation of puberty.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: corpus spongiosum. The clitoris does not have a corpus spongiosum. The clitoris is made up of the corpora cavernosa, crura, and glans. The corpus spongiosum is a part of the male anatomy, specifically found in the penis, and is responsible for maintaining erection by filling with blood during arousal. Therefore, the corpus spongiosum is not a part of the clitoris and is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Progesterone is the correct answer because it is responsible for preparing the uterus for potential implantation by increasing glycogen levels. Progesterone promotes the growth of blood vessels and glands in the uterus, leading to increased glycogen production. FSH and LH are involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation but do not directly impact glycogen levels in the uterus. Estrogen plays a role in the growth and thickening of the endometrial lining but does not specifically stimulate glycogen production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acrosome. The acrosome is an organelle in the head of the sperm that contains enzymes which help the sperm penetrate the outer layer of the ovum during fertilization. It plays a crucial role in the fertilization process. Explanation of other choices: B: Zona pellucida is the outer membrane of the ovum that the sperm needs to penetrate, not an organelle within the sperm itself. C: Megalis is not a relevant organelle involved in fertilization. D: None of the above is incorrect as the acrosome is the specific organelle that aids in sperm penetration of the ovum.