The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vulva. The vulva includes all the external female genitalia, such as the labia, clitoris, and mons pubis. It is the correct term that encompasses all these structures. The other choices, A, C, and D, represent specific parts of the female external genitalia and do not cover all components collectively. So, B is the best answer as it accurately describes the entire external female genitalia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phenobarbital. Phenobarbital was the first agent introduced for the treatment of epilepsy in the early 1900s. It was discovered to have anticonvulsant properties and became a mainstay in epilepsy treatment. Phenytoin (A), Carbamazepine (C), and Valproic acid (D) were introduced later than Phenobarbital and are not the first agents used for epilepsy treatment. Therefore, the correct answer is Phenobarbital as it was the first agent specifically developed and used for epilepsy treatment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: D2. Atypical antipsychotics primarily target dopamine D2 receptors, reducing dopamine activity. This helps alleviate symptoms of psychosis with fewer extrapyramidal side effects compared to typical antipsychotics that target D1 receptors. Choice A: D1 receptors are not the primary target for atypical antipsychotics. Choice C: D3 receptors are not the main target, although some atypical antipsychotics may have activity at D3 receptors. Choice D: D4 receptors are not the main target for atypical antipsychotics.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the Mu receptor. This means it can activate the receptor but with less efficacy compared to a full agonist, resulting in a ceiling effect and lower risk of respiratory depression. Choice B is incorrect because buprenorphine is not a full agonist at the Mu receptor. Choices C and D are incorrect as buprenorphine primarily acts on the Mu receptor, not the K receptor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: LTC4. Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is a leukotriene, with LTC4 being the initial form. It plays a key role in allergic reactions by causing bronchoconstriction and increased vascular permeability. PGD2, TXA2, and PGI are not classified as slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis and do not have the same physiological effects as LTC4.