The exocrine cells of the pancreas produce:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pancreatic exocrine cells (acinar) produce digestive juices (e.g., amylase, lipase) via ducts aid digestion. Adrenaline (adrenal medulla) is endocrine, stress-related. Insulin (pancreatic β-cells) is endocrine, glucose-lowering, not exocrine. Cortisol (adrenal cortex) is steroid, not pancreatic. Digestive juices distinguish exocrine pancreas, key to nutrient breakdown, unlike endocrine stress, glucose, or steroid outputs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa, regulate electrolyte balance (Na⁺, K⁺) via kidney reabsorption, maintaining blood pressure. Glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) manage glucose metabolism and stress. Androgens (e.g., DHEA) influence secondary sex traits, not electrolytes. Epinephrine/norepinephrine, from the medulla, affect fight-or-flight, not cortical electrolyte roles. Mineralocorticoids' specific ion control distinguishes them, key to fluid homeostasis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oxytocin, from the posterior pituitary, triggers milk ejection by contracting myoepithelial cells in mammary glands during nursing. Prolactin, anterior pituitary, stimulates milk production, not ejection. Oxygen is a gas, not a hormone. 'Prostate hormone' (likely prostaglandin misnomer) is irrelevant prostate is male-specific. Oxytocin's contractile action distinguishes it, key for lactation, unlike production or non-hormonal factors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The thyroid regulates basal metabolic rate (BMR) via thyroxine and T₃, setting energy expenditure. Dysfunction (e.g., hypothyroidism) lowers BMR; hyperthyroidism raises it. Pituitary affects BMR indirectly via TSH, not directly. Parathyroid controls calcium, not metabolism. Adrenal (cortisol) influences glucose, not baseline BMR. Thyroid's direct metabolic impact distinguishes it, critical for energy homeostasis, unlike secondary or unrelated glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acromegaly, from adult GH hypersecretion, causes headaches (pituitary tumor pressure), visual issues (tumor on optic chiasm), enlarged features (ears, tongue), apathy, and glucose intolerance mimicking diabetes. Cushing's features fat redistribution and hypertension, not skeletal growth. Addison's shows fatigue and low glucose. 'Rhees's' is likely fictitious. Acromegaly's GH-driven signs distinguish it, key to its diagnosis, unlike adrenal or vague conditions.