The epithelial type CORRECTLY matched with its occurrence is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stratified squamous - tongue. The tongue is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against mechanical stress and abrasion due to its constant movement and exposure to food. Simple columnar epithelium lines the corneal epithelium. Transitional epithelium is found in the urinary system, not the Fallopian tube. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is typically found in the respiratory tract, not the vocal cords.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice D is correct: 1. During early development, all embryos possess indifferent genitalia. 2. Androgen hormones, like testosterone, influence the differentiation of these structures. 3. The presence of androgen hormones leads to the development of male genitalia. 4. Lack of androgen results in the development of female genitalia. 5. This process occurs after fertilization, not during fertilization. In summary, choice D is correct as the phenotypic sex is determined by the activity of androgen hormones on the indifferent genitalia post-fertilization. Choices A and B are incorrect because sex determination occurs post-fertilization, not during fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as the SRY gene typically plays a role in sex determination but is not the primary factor influencing the phenotypic sex.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Normal amniotic fluid volume. An amniotic fluid index of 18 cm in the 3rd trimester is considered within the normal range (5-25 cm). This level indicates adequate amniotic fluid for fetal development and is not indicative of hydrops fetalis (A), reduced amniotic fluid volume (C), or increased amniotic fluid volume (D). It is crucial to monitor amniotic fluid levels as deviations from the normal range can impact fetal well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clavicle and scapula. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The clavicle articulates with the sternum, providing a connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton. The scapula forms the shoulder joint with the humerus. The sternum is part of the axial skeleton and not directly part of the pectoral girdle. The humerus is a bone of the upper arm and not part of the pectoral girdle. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it accurately represents the bones that make up the pectoral girdle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cribriform plate. The olfactory nerves pass through the cribriform plate, which is a part of the ethmoid bone located in the anterior cranial fossa. This structure contains numerous small perforations that allow the olfactory nerve fibers to pass through and enter the cranial cavity, specifically the olfactory bulb. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect because the foramen ovale is located in the sphenoid bone and transmits the mandibular nerve, the foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery, and the superior orbital fissure transmits structures like the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and ophthalmic nerve, but not the olfactory nerves.