The enzymes produced by the exocrine pancreas include the following except:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Enteropeptidase. Enteropeptidase is not produced by the exocrine pancreas; it is produced by the duodenal mucosa. Proelastase, DNase, and amylase are enzymes produced by the exocrine pancreas. Proelastase is involved in the breakdown of elastin, DNase breaks down DNA, and amylase helps in the digestion of carbohydrates. Therefore, the correct answer is D because Enteropeptidase is not produced by the exocrine pancreas but by the duodenal mucosa.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bile salts. Bile salts are primarily absorbed in the terminal ileum, not in the duodenum or jejunum. The duodenum and jejunum are mainly responsible for absorbing nutrients like glucose, fat-soluble vitamins, and vitamin C. Bile salts aid in the digestion and absorption of fats, but they are reabsorbed in the ileum to be recycled. Therefore, the duodenum and jejunum are not the main sites for the absorption of bile salts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to erosion of the stomach lining. The acidic environment in the stomach can lead to ulcer formation. Esophageal varices are associated with liver cirrhosis, not a common cause of hemorrhage. Gastric carcinoma may cause bleeding but is less common than peptic ulcers. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and can cause bleeding but is not as common as peptic ulcers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Saliva contains alpha amylase. Saliva does indeed contain the enzyme alpha amylase, which helps in the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. This is a well-established fact in human physiology. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: A: HCL converts pepsin into pepsinogen - This statement is incorrect as pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by the acidic environment in the stomach, not the other way around. B: IF is essential for vitamin K absorption - This is also incorrect. Intrinsic factor (IF) is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12, not vitamin K. D: Myenteric plexus controls GIT secretion - While the myenteric plexus is involved in regulating gastrointestinal motility, it is not primarily responsible for controlling secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: HCL helps in the digestion of food by creating an acidic environment in the stomach. Step 2: This acidic environment aids in the breakdown of food components, including iron. Step 3: Iron absorption is enhanced in the presence of HCL. Conclusion: Choice B is correct as HCL helps in the absorption of iron. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as HCL does not inhibit pepsinogen, aid in absorption of vitamin B12, or secreted in response to sympathetic stimulation.