The energy for muscle contraction is derived from the mechanisms below EXCEPT for one. Which one is NOT a method of producing ATP?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ATP fuels contraction via anaerobic glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate), aerobic respiration (mitochondrial oxidation), and creatine phosphate phosphorylating ADP. 'Anaerobic digestion of lactic acid' isn't a process lactic acid forms from pyruvate, not ATP. This distinguishes valid energy pathways, key to muscle metabolism understanding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Extensor digitorum extends fingers, gluteus minimus abducts the hip, and biceps femoris flexes the knee all are real, logical names based on action, location, or shape. 'Extensor minimus longus' is nonsensical: 'minimus' (smallest) and 'longus' (long) contradict, and no such muscle exists in standard nomenclature. Extensors typically specify a region (e.g., digitorum), and 'minimus' pairs with size (e.g., gluteus), not length. This fabricated name's inconsistency makes 'd' the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The triceps brachii extends the forearm, straightening the elbow by contracting its three heads, originating from scapula/humerus and inserting on the ulna. Biceps brachii flexes the elbow. Brachialis also flexes, beneath biceps. Deltoid moves the shoulder, not forearm. Triceps' role as the primary elbow extensor, opposing biceps, makes 'b' the correct muscle.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The lambdoid suture, a jagged seam at the skull's posterior, is formed by the articulation of the occipital bone (base/back) and the parietal bones (top/sides), resembling a lambda (Λ) shape. Parietal and temporal bones meet at the squamous suture, not lambdoid. Parietal and frontal bones form the coronal suture anteriorly. Occipital and temporal bones connect at the occipitomastoid suture, not lambdoid. The lambdoid's distinct occipital-parietal junction, visible in skull models, confirms 'a' as the correct pairing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The vomer, a midline bone, forms the lower nasal septum, separating the nostrils, and is visible inferiorly at the skull's base, posterior to the maxillae. The mandible is the jaw, not septal. Maxillae form the upper septum and palate, not the lower part alone. The hyoid is in the neck, not the skull. The vomer's plowshare shape and basal visibility, seen in inferior skull views, make 'c' the correct bone.