The endocrine system and the _____ system are both intimately involved in maintaining homeostasis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous. The endocrine system and the nervous system work together to regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system releases hormones that control metabolism, growth, and reproduction, while the nervous system sends electrical signals to coordinate body movements and responses. Both systems communicate and coordinate with each other to ensure the body functions properly. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because although they are important systems in the body, they do not play as direct a role in maintaining homeostasis as the nervous system does.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: acromegaly. In adults, overproduction of growth hormone leads to acromegaly, characterized by enlarged bones and tissues. Pituitary dwarfism (choice A) results from growth hormone deficiency. Gigantism (choice B) occurs when excess growth hormone is produced before epiphyseal plate closure in children. Myxedema (choice D) is associated with hypothyroidism, not growth hormone overproduction. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the condition resulting from excessive growth hormone in adults.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium plays essential roles in clotting, bone health, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction. Calcium is crucial for the coagulation cascade in clotting, is a key component of bone mineralization, is required for neurotransmitter release in nerve conduction, and is involved in muscle contraction by regulating the interactions between actin and myosin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect individually because they only represent some of the functions of calcium, whereas choice D encompasses all the vital functions of calcium in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, glycosuria - excessive sugar in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, high blood sugar levels lead to glucose spilling into the urine, causing glycosuria. Polyuria (excessive urine) is due to the kidneys trying to eliminate the excess glucose. Polyphagia (excessive hunger) results from cells not receiving enough glucose for energy. Polydipsia (excessive thirst) occurs as a result of dehydration from polyuria. Choice D is correct as it directly relates to the presence of sugar in the urine, a hallmark symptom of diabetes mellitus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release their secretions into ducts or onto the surface of the body. This key difference in how they release their products is essential in distinguishing between endocrine and exocrine glands. A: Endocrine glands release hormones, not waste products. B: The interconnection of glands is not a defining characteristic to differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands. C: Endocrine glands are not exclusively formed by epithelial tissue, and exocrine glands are not solely connective tissues.